WHAP 3.1-3.2

Ming Dynasty

This Chinese dynasty overthrew the occupation of the nomadic Mongols, only to be later conquered by another group of nomads from Manchuria

Manchu

Sinofied (made more Chinese) ethnic group of former nomads who conquered the Ming

Qing Dynasty

Manchu-led Chinese dynasty that led to its greatest extent

Kangxi

The third Qing emperor, responsible for the great deal of their expansion

Emperor Qianlong

Led the Qing during their height

Gutenberg Printing Press

This invention was created by improving upon technologies developed in Song dynasty China, and resulted in increased literacy rates in Western Europe

Gunpowder empires

Turkic formerly nomadic states that used gunpowder in Anatolia that controlled Mediterranean trade

Shah

King or emperor in Persian (Farsi)

Safavid Empire

Gunpowder empire in Central Asia (Iran)

Mughal empire

Gunpowder empire that eventually controlled most of South Asia

Ghazi ideal

Warrior and Islamic code of behavior used by the Timurids

Castes

Social groups defined with Hinduism

Ivan IV

Person responsible for the expansion of Russian Empire, military conquest was ensured by the use of gunpowder

Tamerlane

Turkic leader who expanded after the fragmentation of the Mongol Khanates

Suleiman I

Ottoman leader during its height

Ismail

First ruler of the Safavid dynasty

Shah Abbas I

This person presided over the Safavid empire at its height

Akbar

Founder of the Mughals

Divine right of kings

Claim that the right to rule was given to a king by God, positioning the King outside the law and any “earthly authority”

Justices of the peace

English bureaucrats responsible for the rule of law in England

English bill of rights

Document that limited the role and powers of the king of England

Absolute

When the political authority resides in a single entity or individual

Cardinal Richelieu

This person along with Louis XIII was responsible for the centralization of power in government to an absolute degree in France

Intendants

French bureaucrats empowered to act in the name of the French king an carry out his authority

Louis XIV

King of France during the peak of the kingdom

Romanov Dynasty

Dynasty that ruled the Tsardom of Russia until it collapsed in the 20th century

Peter I

Russian leader who focused on modernizing and westernizing Russia

Devshirme

System in which Christian boys from the Balkans were contributed to become slaves of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire

Janissaries

Ottoman soldiers (who came from Devshirme) trained to be effective fighters

Daimyo

Lords in feudal Japan

Edo

Historic capital of Japan, Tokyo was built around it

Tokugawa Hideyoshi

Daimyo who was eventually pronounced shogun of Japan

Period of Great Peace

Period of stability in Japan

Tokugawa shogunate

Family dynasty who controlled Japan until the 19th century

Askia the Great

Western Africa ruler whose Muslim faith represented a continued effect of the spread of Islam. Unified the Songhai Empire under Islam

Delhi

Capital of Mughal empire

Shah Jahan

One of the notable leaders of the Mughal Empire. Funded construction of the Taj Mahal

Tax Farmers

Tax collectors

Tax farming

The process of collecting taxation

Tributes

Political state paying a kind of tax to more powerful states in exchange for protection

Zamindars

Bureaucratic officials in Mughal empire, tasked with collection of taxes and the organization of public work projects

Taj Mahal

Tomb built by Shah Jihan for his wife, a fusion of South Asian art and Muslim

Versailles

Palaces of Louis XIV, ornate and expected to house the French nobility

Boyars

The noble landowning class in Russia

Serfdom

Feudal system where peasants exchange their loyalty for protection; the leverage Boyars had over them often led to exploitation