DCUSH - Period 3

What is federalism?

Federalism is the system that divides power between the national and state governments.

What was another name for the French and Indian War?

The Seven Years' War.

Why did France and Britain fight in North America?

They both wanted land, trade routes, and alliances with Native Americans.

What was George Washington's early role in the French and Indian War?

Washington was sent with 200 men to protect British land claims in the Ohio Valley despite being inexperienced.

What happened at Fort Necessity?

Washington's forces were overwhelmed and had to surrender to the French, starting the war.

What was the Albany Congress (1754)?

A 1754 meeting to plan colonial defense and create a government council, led by Benjamin Franklin.

What did the political cartoon "Join or Die" promote?

A political cartoon by Franklin promoting colonial unity.

What was the result of Braddock's Defeat?

British forces were badly beaten by French and Native Americans, and Braddock was killed.

How did William Pitt change Britain's strategy in the war?

Pitt focused on defeating the French, paid colonists, and promised Native Americans land boundaries.

What was the Treaty of Easton?

Britain promised Native Americans no settlements west of the Alleghenies in exchange for neutrality.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

It ended the French and Indian War and gave Britain new lands in North America.

What was Pontiac's Rebellion?

Native Americans attacked British settlements because they were treated unfairly after the war.

What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?

It banned colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Why did Britain tax the colonies after the French and Indian War?

They had a huge debt and wanted colonists to help pay for their protection.

What did the Sugar Act tax?

It taxed sugar and molasses and tried to stop illegal trade.

What did the Currency Act require colonies to stop doing?

Colonies had to stop printing paper money.

How did colonists react to the new taxes and acts?

They protested, formed groups like the Paxton Boys and Regulators, and resisted British rules.

What was the Stamp Act?

A tax on printed items like newspapers, legal papers, and licenses.

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A group of colonists who attacked tax collectors, destroyed property, and led boycotts.

What did the Townshend Acts tax?

Taxes on imports like lead, paint, paper, and tea, plus forcing colonists to provide for British troops.

What was the Boston Massacre?

British soldiers shot colonists, which was used as propaganda against Britain.

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

Groups started by Samuel Adams to spread news and complaints about Britain.

What did the Tea Act allow the British East India Company to do?

It let the British East India Company sell tea cheaply directly to colonists, undercutting local merchants.

What were the four main "Intolerable (Coerceive) Acts"?

Laws closing Boston's port, reducing self-government, requiring trials in England, and forcing colonists to house troops.

What was the First Continental Congress?

A meeting of colonies (except Georgia) to plan resistance, prepare for war, and stop trade with Britain.

What event started the Revolutionary War?

The "shot heard 'round the world" at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.

What was the significance of the capture of Fort Ticonderoga?

American forces captured the fort and cannons with no losses, boosting morale.

What did the Battle of Bunker Hill prove?

Americans fought the British in waves, proving they could resist, though the British took the hill.

What was the key problem with the Invasion of Canada?

Americans assumed French Canadians would join, but they stayed loyal to Britain, causing a big defeat.

What happened at the Battle of Trenton?

Washington surprised Hessians on Christmas night, showing his leadership.

What was the main result of the Battle of Saratoga?

Americans won and 5,700 British surrendered, convincing France to ally with the colonies.

What major event effectively ended the fighting of the Revolutionary War?

Cornwallis surrendered 7,000 British troops at Yorktown, ending major fighting.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?

It recognized U.S. independence, gave land, and returned Loyalist property.

What does the acronym WWWW refer to?

Washington's Way of Waging War: he lost many battles but never gave up, and the British lost will to fight.

What does the acronym BB refer to?

British Blunders: mistakes by the British, like after Bunker Hill.

What does the acronym FFFF refer to?

French Fingaling, Financing & Firepower: France gave money, weapons, and naval support after Saratoga and at Yorktown.

What was the primary reason Loyalists remained loyal to Britain?

They wanted safety, trade, and feared chaos if colonies broke away.

What is the concept of Republican Motherhood?

The idea that women should raise educated, patriotic children.

What were the key reasons Americans won the Revolution?

Because of Washington's leadership, British mistakes, French support, and home-field advantage.

What did Jefferson and Adams say about civic responsibilty?

Citizens need education and virtue to be good members of the republic.

What was the general colonial view when "Common Sense" was published?

Most leaders still wanted to fix ties with Britain, not full independence.

Which document first established the U.S. government?

The Articles of Confederation.

What warning did Abigail Adams issue to her husband?

To "remember the ladies" so men don't abuse power.

What was the status of slavery in the 1770s-1780s?

Northern states started ending slavery, South resisted, making progress uneven.

How did the Sons of Liberty resist British policies?

By attacking tax agents, destroying property, and organizing boycotts.

What European social structures did Americans reject?

Kings, nobles, and titles; they wanted equality.

Which three battles were key to winning the Revolution?

Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown.

What was the Treaty of Greenville?

Native Americans gave up much of Ohio to the U.S.

Why did John Adams support Washington as army commander?

His leadership could unite the army.

How did the Stamp Act change colonists' views on rights?

Colonists said "no taxation without representation."

What positive thing did the Articles of Confederation achieve?

They organized western lands with laws like the Land Ordinance.

What principle supported the education of women?

Republican Motherhood said women should learn to raise good citizens.

What was John Dickinson's main argument regarding taxes?

Britain cannot tax colonies without consent.

Who were the main opponents of the Constitution (Anti-Federalists)?

Patrick Henry, George Mason, and other Anti-Federalists.

What does the Boston Massacre engraving depict (propaganda)?

British soldiers shooting unarmed colonists; used as propaganda.

How would a Loyalist likely respond to Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"?

They'd say Paine's ideas were reckless since Britain protected trade and safety.

What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 establish?

Divided land into townships and set aside land for schools.

Why was Shays's Rebellion important?

It showed the Articles of Confederation were too weak to stop uprisings.

What were the major limitations of the Articles of Confederation?

No president, no power to tax, and a weak army.

What two things did Washington warn against in his farewell address?

Permanent alliances with Europe and political parties.

What was the main cause of the American Revolution?

Taxation without representation.

Who were the Loyalists?

Colonists who stayed loyal to Britain.

What Enlightenment ideas inspired the colonists?

Ideas of natural rights: life, liberty, and property.

Who was typically allowed to vote in colonial America?

White men who owned property.

What powers did the new Congress have under the Constitution?

Tax, trade, and declare war; it couldn't unfairly favor states or suspend rights.

How did Washington and Adams approach foreign relations?

They stayed neutral and avoided war with Europe.

What core idea does the Declaration of Independence begin with?

All people have natural rights governments must protect.

Why did states give up their western land claims to the national government?

To make unity and fairness stronger.

Who was "Common Sense" written for?

Regular colonists, not just elites.

Which group did the anonymous “Watchman” writer advocate should have expanded voting rights?

The Watchman writer argued that all free white men, not just property owners, should be allowed to vote.

What provisions were included in the Quebec Act and why were they significant?

The Quebec Act allowed French Catholics to keep their religion and laws, which angered colonists who felt Britain was favoring Catholics and blocking western expansion.

What challenges did Washington face with troop morale and retention early in the conflict?

Washington’s army suffered from short enlistments, no pay, hunger, and harsh winters, which hurt morale and retention.

What specific powers did the Constitution grant to Congress, and what authority was it denied?

The Constitution gave Congress power to tax, trade, and declare war, but denied power to suspend habeas corpus or unfairly favor states.