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volume over rectangles
∫∫ f(x, y) dx dy
area of rectangle
∫∫ dy dx
average value of f over R
1/area of R * ∫∫ f dA
volume of circle
∫∫ f(r, θ) r dr dθ
area of a circle
∫∫ r dr dθ
volume in cylindrical coordinates
∫∫∫ f(r, θ, z) r dz dr dθ
volume in spherical coordinates
∫∫∫ p² sin∅ dp d∅ dθ
cylindrical to rectangular: x =
r cosθ
cylindrical to rectangular: y =
r sinθ
spherical to rectangular: x =
p sin∅ cosθ
spherical to rectangular: y =
p sin∅ sinθ
spherical to rectangular: z =
p cos∅
spherical to cylindrical: r =
p sin∅
spherical to cylindrical: z =
p cos∅
∫ cos²x dx
½ + ¼ sin(2x) + c
∫ sin²x dx
½ - ¼ sin(2x) + c
∫ tan²x dx
tan(x) - x + c
∫ csc²x dx
-cot(x) + c
∫ sec²x dx
tan(x) + c
∫ cot²x dx
-cot(x) - x + c