Title 22 Rancho Pool Lifeguard Training

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering legal guidelines, CPR/AED protocols, respiratory/circulatory pathophysiology, trauma care, medical emergencies, and disaster triage from the Title 22 Rancho Pool Lifeguard Training curriculum.

Title 22

California state regulations designed to advance and standardize first aid and emergency care skills for public safety personnel and first responders.

Standard Precautions

Safety measures that must be taken with every individual to protect oneself and others from pathogens transmitted via blood, bodily fluids, or other potentially infectious materials.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

A bloodborne pathogen transmitted through direct or indirect contact with blood, saliva, vomit, or semen that can cause liver failure, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death; unvaccinated individuals face up to a 30% risk of infection following exposure.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

A bloodborne viral infection transmitted through direct or indirect fluid contact that causes chronic liver disease and liver cancer, carrying an estimated 2% transmission risk after a needlestick or cut exposure.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A bloodborne pathogen transmitted via direct contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk that attacks the immune system, leading to opportunistic infections, cancers, and death; carries an exposure transmission risk of less than 1%.

M.I.S.T. Report

An acronym used to ensure an efficient and structured patient handoff to EMS personnel: Mechanism/Medical Complaint, Injury/Inspections, Signs & Symptoms, and Treatment.

Rapid Assessment

A primary evaluation sequence consisting of a scene size-up, a check for responsiveness using the shout-tap-shout sequence, opening the airway, and simultaneously checking for breathing, pulse, and life-threatening bleeding.

Emergency Move

Techniques such as clothes drag, blanket drag, or shoulder drag used to relocate an ill or injured individual due to immediate hazards (fire, explosives, water, lack of oxygen), to reach other critical victims, or to administer proper life-saving care.

Non-Emergency Move

Techniques such as the walking assist, two-person seat carry, direct ground lift, or extremity lift used to transfer a stable patient between locations (e.g., from an incident site to an ambulance stretcher) when no immediate danger exists.

Cardiac Arrest

A condition occurring when the heart stops beating entirely or beats too irregularly or weakly to circulate blood effectively to vital organs.

Heart Attack

A medical condition in which the heart muscle experiences a loss of oxygenated blood, typically resulting in chest pain or discomfort and potential cardiac arrest.

Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)

The resumption of a sustained regular heart rhythm capable of circulating adequate blood flow throughout the body following cardiac arrest.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A life-saving technique combining chest compressions and ventilations to manually circulate oxygenated blood to vital organs when the heart and breathing have stopped.

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

A portable electronic device that analyzes the heart's electrical rhythm and prompts the rescuer to deliver a shock if an abnormal, shockable cardiac rhythm is detected.

SAMPLE History

A mnemonic used during the secondary assessment to collect vital patient history: Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past medical history, Last oral intake, and Events leading up to the incident.

Mechanism of Injury (MOI)

The force or energy that causes physical damage or injury to a person during an incident.

Alveoli

Microscopic structures in the lower respiratory tract that serve as the functional site of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange with the blood.

Circulatory System

The body system comprising the heart (four-chambered pump), blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma) that circulates oxygen and nutrients.

Asthma

A chronic respiratory condition in which specific triggers cause inflammation and constriction of the airway walls, resulting in wheezing, coughing, tightness in the chest, and difficulty breathing.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A progressive lung disease characterized by irreversible lung tissue damage, excessive mucus production, a barrel-shaped chest, pursed-lip breathing, and chronic respiratory distress.

Anaphylaxis

A severe, rapidly progressing systemic allergic reaction that can trigger life-threatening airway constriction, facial and tongue swelling, skin reactions, and shock.

Epinephrine Auto-Injector

A spring-loaded medical device designed to deliver a single measured dose of epinephrine into the outer thigh at a 90-degree angle to reverse severe anaphylactic reactions.

Hypoglycemia

An abnormally low blood glucose concentration, managed in responsive diabetic patients by administering 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting sugar orally.

Seizure

A sudden abnormal surge of electrical activity in the brain that may lead to involuntary muscle contractions, altered level of consciousness, or complete unresponsiveness.

Stroke

A cerebrovascular emergency occurring when blood supply to a portion of the brain is interrupted by a blockage or ruptured vessel, rapidly assessed using the F.A.S.T. mnemonic.

Altered Mental Status

A common medical state characterized by changes in brain function, presenting as drowsiness, disorientation, confusion, or partial to total loss of consciousness.

Heat Cramps

Painful involuntary muscle spasms, typically affecting the legs, arms, and abdomen, resulting from fluid and electrolyte loss due to heavy sweating.

Heat Exhaustion

A heat-related illness that occurs when excessive fluid loss from perspiration is not replaced, impairing the body's natural cooling mechanisms.

Heat Stroke

A life-threatening medical emergency occurring when the body's thermoregulatory systems are completely overwhelmed by heat and cease to function.

Hypothermia

A systemic cold-induced emergency that develops when the entire core body temperature drops because its physiological mechanisms to generate and retain heat fail.

Frostbite

The localized freezing of superficial and deep body tissues, most commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, and ears.

Critical Burn

A severe burn requiring immediate advanced emergency care, such as burns covering large body surface areas, burns affecting the airway or hands/feet/genitals, and chemical or electrical burns.

Traumatic Asphyxia

A severe condition caused by strong crushing forces or pinning against the chest that violently compresses the thoracic cavity, preventing ventilation and oxygenation.

Pneumothorax

The collapse of a lung caused by the accumulation of air within the pleural cavity, which exerts pressure on the lung tissue and prevents normal inflation.

Hemothorax

An accumulation of blood within the pleural space between the chest wall and the lungs following trauma.

Tension Pneumothorax

A life-threatening condition in which air enters the pleural space on inspiration but cannot escape, causing complete lung collapse and severe cardiovascular compromise.

Acute Abdomen

Sudden, severe abdominal pain that often indicates serious intra-abdominal disease or trauma (such as ruptured organs, appendicitis, or internal bleeding) requiring emergency care.

Tourniquet

A circumferential constricting device placed approximately 2 inches above an extremity wound to occlude arterial blood flow and halt life-threatening external bleeding.

Hemostatic Dressing

A specialized gauze treated with a chemical clotting agent, utilized with deep wound packing and sustained direct pressure to stop severe bleeding in junctional or trunk regions where a tourniquet cannot be placed.

Internal Bleeding

The escape of blood from damaged arteries, veins, or capillaries into deep spaces, tissues, or cavities inside the body.

Amputation

The complete traumatic severing of a body extremity or limb; care requires controlling hemorrhage on the patient first before wrapping and cooling the severed part.

Open Fracture

A severe musculoskeletal injury in which broken bone fragments pierce the skin, creating an open wound with high infection and bleeding risks.

Naloxone

An opioid receptor antagonist medication administered via nasal spray to rapidly reverse respiratory depression and restore breathing in a suspected opioid overdose.

Fundal Massage

A post-delivery first aid procedure involving gentle massage of the mother's lower abdomen to stimulate uterine contractions and reduce postpartum hemorrhage.

Spinal Motion Restriction (SMR)

The protocol of supporting and stabilizing the head, neck, and torso to limit gross spinal movement and prevent secondary neurologic injury during rescue and transport.

START Triage

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment; a rapid mass casualty assessment tool that categorizes victims in 30 seconds based on walking status, respirations, perfusion, and mental status.

SALT Triage

A mass casualty triage methodology consisting of four operational phases: Sort, Assess, Lifesaving Interventions, and Treatment/Transport.