Untitled Flashcard Set

Average Velocity

The ratio of displacement to the change in time, given by the formula v_avg = Δx / Δt.

Displacement

The change in position calculated as Δx = x_f - x_i, where x_f is the final position and x_i is the initial position.

Change in Time

The difference between final time and initial time, represented as Δt = t_f - t_i.

Speed

The distance traveled divided by the time taken, calculated as speed = distance / time.

Velocity

A vector quantity that includes both speed and direction, expressed as v = Δx / Δt.

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity, calculated as a_avg = Δv / Δt.

Change in Velocity

The difference between final velocity and initial velocity, defined as Δv = v_f - v_i.

Constant Acceleration

Acceleration that does not change over time, affecting the relationship v_f = v_i + at.

Displacement during Constant Acceleration

Calculated using the formula Δx = 1/2 at² when starting from rest.

Slope of a Position vs. Time Graph

Represents velocity, calculated as v = Δx / Δt.

Area under a Velocity vs. Time Graph

Represents displacement, integral to the area calculated between the velocity graph and time axis.

Projectile Motion

The motion of an object thrown into the air, affected by both horizontal and vertical forces.

Horizontal Position in Projectile Motion

Given by x = x_0 + v_x t, where v_x is the horizontal velocity.

Vertical Position in Projectile Motion

Expressed as y = y_0 + v_y₀t + 1/2 a_y t² where a_y is the vertical acceleration.

Free Fall Distance from Rest

The distance calculated by the equation Δy = 1/2 gt² where g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Conserved Kinematics Quantity

Described by the equation v² + 2gy = constant, representing the conservation of mechanical energy.

Kinetic Energy

Calculated using K = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is speed.

Gravitational Potential Energy

Given by U = mgy, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and y is height.

Total Mechanical Energy

The sum of kinetic and potential energy, expressed as E = K + U.

Energy Conservation Law

States that the total mechanical energy remains constant, E_initial = E_final.

Atwood-Machine Speed Relation

Expressed as v² = 2gH(M - m) / (M + m), relating the speeds of two masses.