History taking, vital signs, monitering devices

SAMPLE

Symptomsand signs, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up to the present.

OPQRST

Onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time.

Stable patients should be reasses every?

15 minutes

unstable patients should be reasses every?

5 minutes

Adult respiratory rate?

is typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute

children (school age) respiratory rate?

18 to 30 breaths per minute

Toddlers respiratory rate?

24 to 40 breaths per minute

Infants resipratory rate?

30 to 60 breaths per minute

Tachypnea is…

rapid breathing (over 20 breaths per minute in an adult)

Bradypnea is…

slow breathing (under 12 breaths per minute in an adult)

Shallow breathing

minimal chest rise and fall

Labored breathing

increased work of breathing

Irregular breathing

abnormal breathing pattern

Normal tide volume for an adult is?

400 to 500 ML

Wheezing

high pitched whistling sound, typically more noticeable on expiration

Crackles/Rales

wet, crackling sounds, usually on inspiration and expiration

Rhonchi

low-pitched, congested sounds often due to mucus in the lungs, usually on expiration

what pulse do you check for adults/children in cardiac arrest?

Carotid Pulse

what pulse do you check for infants in cardiac arrest?

brachial pulse

what pulse do you check for conscious patients (CPR not needed)?

radial pulse

Pulse rate (adults)

60 to 100 beats per minute

Pulse rate (children)

80 to 120 beats per minute

Pulse rate (infant)

100 to 180 beats per minute

What is Tachycardia?

rapid pulse (over 100 beats per minute)

What is Bradycardia?

slow pulse (under 60 beats per minute)

What is blood pressure measured in?

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Normal BP (Adult)

120/80 (systolic must be below 120 and diastolic must be below 80)

What does “fixed and dilated pupils) mean?

Refers to pupils that are large and non-reactive to light. This indicates probable severe injury or ilness.

What clues can the skin provide?

how well the respiratory and circulatory systems are functioning

Pale Skin indicates what?

May indicate lack of blood flow due to poor circulation

Cyanosis indicates what?

bluish color. may indicate a lack of oxygen

flushes skin indicates what?

red skin. May indicate excessive heat, fever, exertion

Jaundice indicates what?

yellow skin. May indicate liver disease.

Mottling indicates what?

a “marbled” or “patchy” appearance to the skin, often with red or purple. Indicates a lack of blood flow.

Average body temperature is what?

98.6F, but normal range is 97F to 99F.

What could wet skin indicate?

excessive sweating, also called “diaphoretic.” Causes include menopause, diabetes, cardiac emergency, anaphylaxis, drug/alcohol withdrawal.

What could clammy skin indicate?

Cool and moist. May indicate shock.

Capillary refill

Capillary refill is a measurement of how long it takes for capillaries to refill after being squeezed.

Blood Gluecose levels

Normal: between 80 and 120 mg/dL

Hypoglycemia: low blood glucose

Hyperglycemia: high blood glucose

SaO2 aka SPO2 rate

Normal: 94% to 100%