Infectious Diseases and Droplet Precautions Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering various infectious diseases, their bacterial or viral causes, and transmission methods derived from the lecture notes.

Sepsis

A life-threatening systemic response to an infection. While the underlying infection may be localized (like pneumonia), the systemic nature often requires strict infection control.

Scarlet Fever

A bacterial infection (caused by Group A Streptococcus) resulting in a bright red rash. It is highly contagious through respiratory droplets.

Strep Throat

An infection of the throat and tonsils caused by Streptococcus bacteria. It is spread easily via droplets from coughs or sneezes.

Parvovirus B19

Known for causing "fifth disease" (a red rash on the cheeks in children). It spreads through respiratory secretions.

Pneumonia

An inflammation of the lung tissue. When caused by certain pathogens (like Mycoplasma or Haemophilus influenzae), it requires droplet precautions to prevent transmission.

Pertussis

Also called "whooping cough." It is a highly contagious respiratory disease characterized by severe, hacking coughs.

Influenza

Commonly known as the flu. It is a viral infection that attacks the respiratory system and is the classic example of a droplet-spread illness.

Rubella

Also known as "German Measles." It is a viral infection causing a red rash. It is highly transmissible via respiratory droplets.

Mumps

A viral infection affecting the salivary glands.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. When caused by bacteria like Neisseria meningitidis, it is a major droplet-precaution priority.

Mycoplasma

A type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall and often causes mild "walking pneumonia."

Meningococcal Pneumonia

A specific type of pneumonia caused by Neisseria meningitidis, the same bacteria that causes meningococcal meningitis.

Adenovirus

A group of viruses that cause a range of illnesses from common colds and sore throats to bronchitis or pneumonia. They are easily spread through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.

Diphtheria

A serious bacterial infection that can cause a thick coating in the back of the throat, making it difficult to breathe. It is spread primarily through respiratory droplets.

Epiglottitis

Inflammation of the epiglottis (the flap at the base of the tongue). It is often caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and is a medical emergency that can obstruct the airway.