Proteins

What are the monomers from which proteins are made?

Amino acids

What is a peptide bond and how is it formed?

a condensation reaction between 2 amino acids forms a peptide bond

How are dipeptides formed?

By condensation of 2 amino acids

How are polypeptides formed?

Polypeptides are formed by the condensation of many amino acids

what is the name of the general structure that all amino acids have?

Carboxyl group (-COOH), and amine group (-NH2) and and R group (variable group)

How many variations of amino acids are there?

Around 25

How are polypeptides formed

A condensation reaction happens between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, this forms a peptide and a water molecule is released

What are peptide bonds?

Condensation reactions formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

How many structural levels are there for proteins and what are they called?

4 structures: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Describe the primary structure.

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Describe the secondary structure.

• polypeptide chain does not stay flat,

• H bonds form between amino acids in the chain

• makes it automatically either recoil into alpha helix or fold into beta pleated sheet

Describe the tertiary structure.

• coiled/folded chain of amino acids is often further folded/coiled

• final 3D structure is formed due to H, Ionic and disulphide bonding

Describe the quaternary structure.

2 or more polypeptide chains