Bio 111 Lab Exercise #6 Green Algae and Seedless Plant Diversity Flashcards | Quizlet

What are the general characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?

Internal cell membranes are present because they are eukaryotes, a cell wall is present, organization is multicellular, and the mode of nutrition is autotroph (photosynthesis and make own food).

What are the representative groups of Kingdom Plantae listed in the notes?

Mosses, ferns, and seed plants.

What is alternation of generations in plants?

A reproductive cycle that alternates between two multicellular phases: a haploid gametophyte that produces gametes by mitosis, and a diploid sporophyte formed after gamete fusion that produces haploid spores by meiosis.

How is a zygote formed in plant reproduction, and what is its ploidy?

It is formed through the fusion of gametes ($n + n = 2n$), making it diploid ($2n$).

How is a sporophyte formed in plant reproduction?

The diploid ($2n$) zygote undergoes mitosis to become a sporophyte ($2n$).

How are spores formed in plant reproduction, and what is their ploidy?

They are haploid ($n$) spores produced from the diploid ($2n$) sporophyte by meiosis.

How is a gametophyte formed in plant reproduction?

They are formed after haploid ($n$) spores undergo mitosis.

What type of green algae is Volvox classified as?

Chlorophyte (aquatic green algae).

What are the key morphological and nutritional features of Volvox?

It is a multicellular green algae, photo-autotrophic (uses light), has $2$ flagella per cell for movement, and reproduces both asexually and sexually.

How does asexual reproduction occur in Volvox?

Daughter spheres are produced within the parent colony and then released when mature.

What major adaptations enabled terrestrial plants to colonize land successfully?

Waterproof coverings, fibrous cells, roots, shoots, vasculature, stomata (pores), and gametes produced within gametangia.

What is an antheridium (antheria)?

The male reproductive structure that produces boys (male gametes).

What is an archegonium (archegonia)?

The female reproductive structure that produces girls (female gametes).

Why are Charophytes considered the closest relatives of terrestrial plants?

They have a similar method of producing the cell plate, the highest concentration of cellulose compared to other algae, flagellated sperm, and produce gametes within gametangia.

How does the cellulose content of Charophytes compare to other algae?

They have the highest concentration of cellulose when compared to other algae.

What are the two major plant lineages?

Nonvascular and vascular plants.

What are nonvascular terrestrial plants, and what are examples of them?

Plants that have no conducting tissue, roots, or shoots, and anchor through rhizoids; examples include bryophytes: mosses, hornworts, and liverworts.

How do nonvascular terrestrial plants anchor themselves in the absence of roots?

They anchor through rhizoids.

What are gymnosperms?

Vascular plants that have naked seeds.

What are angiosperms?

Vascular plants that have seeds.

What are monilophytes?

Seedless vascular plants, such as ferns.

In nonvascular plant reproduction (bryophytes), what is the male reproductive organ in mosses?

Mosses antheridium.

In nonvascular plant reproduction (bryophytes), what is the female reproductive organ in mosses?

Mosses archegonium.

In moss reproduction, what structures correspond to the sporangium with spores inside?

Capsule and seta.

What modes of reproduction occur in ferns?

Ferns reproduce both asexually and sexually.