Skeletal System and Bone Tissue Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering skeletal system functions, bone markings, anatomical structures of long bones, and microscopic components of compact and spongy bone based on the lecture transcript.

Ligament

Dense regular collagenous tissue that connects bone to bone.

Tendon

Structure that connects muscle to bone.

Red Bone Marrow

Tissue in bones that serves as the source of all blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Yellow Marrow

Bone marrow that consists of adipose tissue and serves as a fat supply.

Process

A bump projection on a bone, such as on the cheekbone or zygomatic bone.

Ramus

A portion of a bone that forms an angle, such as in the mandible.

Sinus

An air pocket located within a bone.

Foramen

A hole in a bone through which blood vessels and or nerves typically pass.

Fissure

A narrow split or narrow passageway in a bone.

Meatus

An opening in a bone leading into a canal, such as the ear canal.

Canal

A duct or channel passing through a bone.

Sulcus

A narrow groove or depression on the side of a bone.

Fossa

A shallow depression in a bone.

Trochanter

A large, rough projection on a bone.

Tubercle

A small projection on a bone.

Crest

A prominent ridge on a bone.

Spine

A pointed process on a bone.

Line

A low ridge on a bone, which is lower than a crest.

Tuberosity

A projection or bump on a bone.

Head

A rounded articular expansion on the end of a bone.

Neck

A narrowed region of bone located adjacent to the head.

Facet

A small, flat articular surface where bones join with other bones.

Articulation

A joint where two or more bones join together.

Condyle

A rounded articular process where a bone forms a joint with another bone.

Trochlea

A smooth, grooved process on a bone that resembles a pulley base.

Epiphysis

An expanded head at either end of a long bone, categorized as proximal or distal.

Diaphysis

The shaft portion of a long bone.

Metaphysis

The region of a long bone situated between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.

Compact Bone

Smooth, solid bone tissue covering every bone that accounts for 80\text{\null}\% of skeletal system weight and contains functional units called osteons.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue featuring open scaffolding made of trabeculae without central canals or osteons.

Medullary Cavity

The internal space inside the shaft of a long bone containing bone marrow.

Periosteum

The outer membrane covering compact bone that protects it from outside forces and houses bone cells for remodeling.

Endosteum

The inner tissue lining covering the spongy bone and medullary cavity containing bone cells.

Epiphyseal Plate

A cartilage-containing plate present at the head of a bone while the bone is still actively growing in length.

Epiphyseal Line

An ossified line replacing the growth plate, indicating that growth in bone length has stopped.

Perforating Fibers

Collagen fibers, also called Sharpey's fibers, that anchor the periosteum to the bone to provide mechanical strength.

Short Bone

A boxy, cube-like bone that is approximately as wide as it is long, such as carpals or tarsals.

Irregular Bone

A bone with a complex shape that does not fit into long or short bone categories, such as a vertebra, hip bone, or scapula.

Sesamoid Bones

Small bones shaped like seeds that can be as small as a grain of rice, such as the patella.

Osteon

The basic functional unit of compact bone characterized by concentric rings surrounding a central canal.

Concentric Lamellae

Concentric parallel rings of matrix and collagen fibers contained within an osteon.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells situated inside lacunae that maintain the bone matrix and communicate via canaliculi.

Canaliculi

Small channels connecting osteocytes that allow them to communicate with one another.

Osteoblasts

Cells that build bone and synthesize the extracellular matrix.

Central Canal

A canal located in the middle of an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.

Trabeculae

The structural lattice framework in spongy bone that reorients its alignment in response to applied stress.