Human Bio Anatomy Quiz (good)

Normal HR: Newborns

100-160 bpm

Normal HR: 1-10 years

70-120 bpm

Normal HR: 10+ years

60-100 bpm

Normal HR: Athletes

40-60 bpm

Tachycardia

Fast or increased heart rate

Bradycardia

Slow or decreased heart rate

Normal Blood Pressure

90-119/60-79 mmHg (average 110/70)

Hypertension

Higher than normal blood pressure

Hypotension

Lower than normal blood pressure (

Normal Breathing Rate: Adults

12-20 breaths/min

Normal Breathing Rate: Newborns

30-60 breaths/min

Tachypnea

Rapid, shallow breathing

Hyperpnea

Rapid, deep breathing

Bradypnea

Slow breathing rate

Apnea

Absence of breathing

Normal Body Temperature

98.5 °F

Hypothermia

Low body temperature (

Hyperthermia

High body temperature (99.6-101 °F)

Normal Blood Oxygen (SpO2)

95-99%

SpO2 in COPD patients

88-94%

SpO2 of 100% indicates...

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning risk

Liver

Produces bile

Esophagus

Transports food to the stomach

Stomach

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Small intestine

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Duodenum

Part of small intestine that neutralizes stomach acid

Mesentery

Anchors intestines to abdominal wall

Pancreas

Source of digestive enzymes

Cecum

Part of large intestine holding bacteria to break down cellulose

Large intestine

Absorbs fluid

Kidneys

Filters blood and produces urine

Ureters

Transports urine to the bladder

Bladder

Stores urine

Urethra

Transports urine out of the body

Adrenal Gland

Source and secretion of hormones

Spleen

Metabolism of red blood cells

Ovaries

Produce and release oocytes

Uterine horn

Carries oocytes from ovaries

Uterus

Site of embryo development

Vagina

Intercourse and birthing canal

Scrotal Sac

Protection of testes

Testes

Spermatozoa and hormone production

Epididymis

Spermatozoa maturation

Vas deferens

Transports sperm to urethra

Seminal vesicles

Secretes fluid making up majority of semen

Penis

Urination and intercourse

Diaphragm

Respiration through its contraction

Xiphoid Process

Anchor point for chest muscles to breastbone

Lungs

Gas exchange between air and blood

Thymus Gland

Maturation of immune cells

Trachea

Carries air to lungs; ringed tube in front of esophagus

Heart

Pumps blood through the body

Arch of aorta

Distributes oxygen-rich blood to the body

Pulmonary artery/veins

Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

Vena Cava

Carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart

Submaxillary Gland

Production of saliva

Microscope Ocular Lens

further magnifies image (10x); projects it onto retina of observer

Microscope Objective Lens

Magnifying lens that gathers light passed through specimen and forms magnified image

Microscope Diaphragm

Controls the size of the cone of light

Microscope Condenser Lens

Focuses the cone of light from the source

Microscope Stage

Platform where the sample sits

Microscope Coarse/Fine Focus

Controls the focus of the objective lens

Microscope Light Source

Illuminates the specimen

Coccus Bacteria

Circular-shaped bacteria

Bacillus Bacteria

Log-shaped bacteria

Fluid percentage in cells

70%

Structures unique to Bacteria/Prokaryotes

Capsule, Cell Wall, Nucleoid, Plasmid, Flagellum

Structures unique to Eukaryotes

Nucleus, Golgi, Mitochondria

Structures shared by Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes

Where is DNA housed in a Prokaryote?

nucleoid region

Where is DNA housed in a Eukaryote?

nucleus

Parts of Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments

What type of Tissue?

simple squamous

What type of Tissue?

Simple Cuboidal

What type of Tissue?

Simple Columnar

What type of tissue?

Stratified Squamous

What type of Tissue?

Transitional

What type of Tissue?

Pseudostratified

What type of Tissue?

Areolar

What type of Tissue

Reticular

What type of tissue?

Adipose

Connective Tissue Proper Function

supports, protects, binds other tissues together

Muscle Tissue Function

movement

Epithelial Tissue Function

protection, secretion, absorption, production of specialized secretions

nervous tissue function

internal communication

stratified squamous epithelium example

Skin cells

Epithelial Tissue Basic Features

Basement Membrane, Stem Cell Base, Avascular, Polarized, and Cell to Cell junction proteins

Transitional epithelium Example

ureters

pseudostratified epithelium Example

respiratory tract (ciliated in humans)

simple cuboidal epithelium Example

kidneys

simple columnar epithelium Example

intestinal walls

simple squamous epithelium example

lung lining

Connective Tissue Basic Features

Large ECM made up of ground substance (fluid) and protein fibers

What proteins are associated with connective tissue proper?

Elastin (bend/stretch), collagen (strong/flexible)

What cell types exist in connective proper tissue? (outside of adipose)

fibroblasts

what cell types exist in adipose connective proper tissue?

adipocytes

• sacs of triglycerides

What types of loose connective proper tissue are there?

Areolar, Reticular, Adiopose

What types of dense connective proper tissue are there?

regular/collagenous, irregular, and elastic collagenous

What cells are associated with bone tissue

osteocytes (collagen and mineral ECM)

What cells are associated with blood?

red cells, white cells, and platelets (and plasma ECM)