Cardiac Physiology & Heart Anatomy

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Last updated 2:52 PM on 10/16/26
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16 Terms

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Heart function

Pumps blood throughout body

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Right atrium

Receives oxygen‑poor blood from body

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Lungs

Site of gas exchange; oxygenates blood

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Aorta

Main artery delivering oxygenated blood to body

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Heart energy consumption

~6 kg ATP per day

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Heart blood volume pumped

~2,000 gallons per day

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Heart metabolism

Primarily fatty acids and glucose

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Pacemaker cells

Generate rhythmic electrical impulses

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SA node location

Wall of right atrium near superior vena cava

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SA node function

Primary pacemaker; ~100 depolarizations per minute

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Resting heart rate

~70 bpm due to autonomic modulation

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Cardiac contraction

Requires extracellular Ca2+ and SR Ca2+

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Heart valves

Control blood flow direction

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Valve defects

Regurgitation, stenosis, myxomatous degeneration

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Myxomatous valves

Excess proteoglycans → floppy valves

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