Exam 2 - Crossed Syndromes

what commonly causes muscular imbalances

sedentary lifestyle

what is a global stabilizer

large, long superficial muscles

span two or more joints

stabilize and static proprioceptive function

what is a local stabilizer

short, small, deep muscles

span single joint or few spinal segments

stabilization and static proprioceptive feedback

what is the function of a global mover

movement and dynamic proprioceptive feedback

what is the function of a local mover

movement and dynamic proprioceptive feedback

what are the three types of neuromuscular phenomena that can lead to muscle imbalances

reciprocal inhibition

synergistic dominance

arthrokinetic inhibition - joint restriction

overuse leads to shortening/tightening of ____ muscles

disuse leads to weakening/inhibition of _____ muscles

tonic

phasic

what is necessary to ensure proper activity of the skeletal muscles

exposure of the body to gravity forces and routine stability functions

what happens when the human body in not stimulated routinely to use these stabilizing muscles

stabilizing function is disturbed by the hypoactivity reaction

weakness and atrophy result

what leads to joint dysfunction

loss of muscular co-activation

what muscles are characteristically tight with upper crossed syndrome

upper trap, levator scap, pecs

what muscles are characteristically weak with upper crossed syndrome

deep neck flexors, middle and lower trap

what are the characteristic postural imbalances seen with upper crossed syndrome

forward head postures

increased cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis

elevated and protracted shoulder

rotation/abduction and winging of scapula

what muscles are characteristically tight with lower crossed syndrome

erector spinae, iliopsoas, hip adductors, quadratus lumborum

what muscles are characteristically weak with lower crossed syndrome

gluteal muscles, abdominal muscles

what are the characteristic postural imbalances seen with lower crossed syndrome

lumbar facet and SI joint dysfunction

low back pain

thoracic hyperkyphosis

lumbar hyperlordosis

anterior pelvic tilt

slight hip flexion

slight knee flexion