twentieth century art I Midterm

The Oath of the Horatii Created by Jacques-Louis David in 1774-1785

Neoclassical historical painting; oath and civic duty; strong linear composition.

Portrait of Napoleon on his Imperial Throne Created by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres in 1806.

Napoleon presented as powerful imperial ruler; formal, symbolic throne portrait.

Licked surface - applying paint in a way you cant see brushstrokes

Grande Odalisque Created by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres in 1814.

orientalism - western concept of things different than their usual

Manipulating form to control sense of aesthetics

Capable of anatomical correctness but doing this for the sake of composition

idealized reclining figure with elongated anatomy.

The Raft of the Medusa Created by Théodore Géricault in 1819

Battle against nature by the limits of fragile humanness dramatic tragedy at sea; intense emotion and human struggles

Cross in the Mountains Created by Caspar David Friedrich in 1807-08.

exploring the germanic/northern routes of culture as opposed to the classical past

The reflection of the light is christ from heaven

Nature is a touchpooint for understanding god and being closer to god

Rock is stability of chrsitian faith

Monk by the Sea Created by Caspar David Friedrich; Oil on canvas. 1808

Proportions are odd in that the landscape is a small percentage of the canvas

It is a color field painting

Sublime - in awe of natural world (impressive and frightening)

Awareness of how small and insignificant you are in the face of nature

Reminder of the existence of god

Abbey in the Oak Forest Created by Caspar David Friedrich in 1809-10. Monochromatic, use of contrast makes it impactful

Dramatic trees - higher than the skyline

Gothic arch is higher than the horizon as well

Light passing through glass is a metaphor for the holy spirit

The light of god

Snow Storm – Hannibal Crossing the Alps Created by JMW Turner in 1812.

dramatic natural forces, elevation of the landscape gives meaning. landscape painting became more important

Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying Created by JMW Turner in 1840.

enslaved people thrown overboard causing a moral outrage, themes of violence.

the sea and storm is loose, expressive paint.

Rain, Steam and Speed- The Great Western Railway Created by JMW Turner in 1844.

railroad as modern technology; rain, steam and speed; thin oil paint and atmospheric landscape.

Boulevard du Temple Created by Daguerre in 1838.

long exposure, the earliest surviving photograph with a human in it. taken before remodel of paris streets. taken from Daguerre’s studio window. only one person in the photograph because they could not capture movement due to exposure times being about 4 minutes pedestrians, carriages, and street traffic moved too quickly.

The Two Ways of Life Created by Oscar Gustave Rejlander in 1857.

photomontage, any negatives combined into one image; staged figures; allegorical subject.

A Sharpshooter's Last Sleep, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Photographed by Alexander Gardner in July, 1863.

Civil War photography; Gardner; fallen sharpshooter, staged/composed battlefield imagery.

A Harvest of Death Negative by T. H. O'Sullivan, positive by Alexander Gardner and Timothy O'Sullivan in 1863.

Civil War photography; Gardner and O’Sullivan; aftermath of battle and dead bodies; historical documentation.

Rue Transnonain Created by Honoré Daumier in 1834.

lithography printmaking technology and used it with the urgency of a photojournalist for multiple people to get the same image

social criticism; image of violence against civilians.

The Third-Class Carriage Created by Honoré Daumier in 1862-64.

Realism; ordinary working-class people riding public transportation.

A Burial at Ornans Created by Gustave Courbet in 1849-50.

Realism; ordinary funeral in Ornans; large scale for everyday subject; rejects idealized academic subjects.

The Painter's Studio: A Real Allegory of Seven Years of My Artistic Life Created by Gustave Courbet in 1854-55.

artist at center; friends/supporters to right and ordinary people on left; allegory of his artistic life.

very large scale 12 by 20 feet

Luncheon on the Grass Created by Eduoard Manet in 1863.

modern life and realism; figures outdoors; controversial nude alongside clothed figures.

Olympia Created by Eduoard Manet in 1863.

direct gaze, modern subject, challenge to traditional idealized, unglamorous subject with raw techniques

The Balcony Created by Édouard Manet in 1868.

modern life; flattened space and conspicuous figures on balcony.

Railroad Created by Édouard Manet in 1873.

modern urban life; railway implied through steam and railings and child watching

A Bar at the Folies Bergère

A Bar at the Folies Bergère Created by Édouard Manet in 1881-82.

mirror, reflections and modern entertainment; barmaid at the Folies-Bergère. reflection of who shes serving

Dance at the Moulin de la Galette Created by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1876.

impressionism; lively leisure scene, people dancing; flickering sunlight and broken brushwork.

The Rehearsal of the Ballet on Stage Created by Edgar Degas in c. 1874.

ballet rehearsal; unusual viewpoint, cropped composition, movement and backstage practice.

Paris Street, Rainy Day Created by Gustave Caillebotte in 1877.

Impressionism; modern Parisian boulevard, rainy weather and urban life; carefully constructed perspective. created a few years after the invention of the umbrella

Woman at her Toillette Created by Berthe Morisot in 1875-1880.

Impressionism; intimate domestic scene; loose brushwork and soft color, mirror reflection of a private, quiet moment in a woman's daily ritual-doing her hair

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grand Jatte Created by Georges Seurat in 1884-1886.

Neo-Impressionism; Pointillism/divisionism, tiny color marks; planned composition of modern leisure

man and woman in the right corner are wealthy and a prostitute. you can identify her as a prostitute because of the bump in her dress

Place des Lices Created by Paul Signac in 1893.

Neo-Impressionism; separated strokes and color division; bright palette

Signac's transition into Divisionism and Pointillism—methods he co-developed with Georges Seurat.

Mont Sainte-Victoire Created by Paul Cézanne in c. 1885-1887.

Post-Impressionism; Mont Sainte-Victoire; repeated studies and structural brushstrokes.

The Night Café Created by Vincent Van Gogh in 1888.

intense red and green contrasts. none of the angles or proportions are the same.

Starry Night Created by Vincent van Gogh in 1889.

when he checked himself into the hospital he was hallucinating and he painted what he saw. light being concrete and the sculptural element of the thick paint.symbolizes death, the cypress tree is covering a cemetery. calls stars as places we go after we die

The Snake Charmer Created by Jean-Léon Gérôme in 1879.

Orientalism: Western fascination with imagined Eastern scenes; decorative details, snake charmer and spectators.

Eiffel Tower Designed by Gustave Eiffel in 1889.

1889 Paris World’s Fair. engineering and modern technology; landmark iron tower

Ferris Wheel Designed by George Washington Gale Ferris in 1893.

1893 Chicago World’s Fair; giant Ferris wheel as modern technological spectacle.

Salome Dancing Before Herod Created by Gustave Moreau in 1876.

Symbolism; Salome dancing before Herod; biblical story, elaborate ornament and dangerous/seductive figure. Based on the New Testament story of King Herod's birthday banquet

Vision from In the Dream Created by Odilon Redon in 1879.

Symbolism; lithograph from In the Dream; mysterious eye/vision imagery and dreamlike atmosphere.

The Convict Created by Odilon Redon in 1881.

Symbolism; lithograph; dark, enigmatic imagery and psychological mood.

Portrait of Paul Ranson in Nabi costume Created by Paul Sérusier in 1890.

Paul Ranson depicted in Nabi costume; symbolic, decorative art.

Climbing to Calvary Created by Maurice Denis in 1889.\

religious scene; simplified shapes and decorative composition.

Twilight (Game of Croquet) Created by Pierre Bonnard in 1892.

leisure scene; patterned decorative surface and flattened forms making it hard to identify figures

Woman in Blue with Child Created by Eduoard Vuillard in 1899.

parents were dress makers, decorative and flat surface makes it hard to identify lady in blue. in a wardrobe or lounge area

Casa Battló, Barcelona Designed by Antoni Gaudí in 1905-07.

Art Nouveau architecture; Gaudí; organic shapes, nature-inspired ornament and curving forms.

Sagrada Família, Barcelona Designed by Antoni Gaudí from 1883 - present.

ongoing Barcelona church project; organic Art Nouveau architectural forms.

Divan Japonais Created by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in 1893.

Paris nightlife and entertainment; lithographic poster, Japanese-print influence, cropped figures.

At the Moulin Rouge Created by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec in 1892/5.

Moulin Rouge cabaret; Paris nightlife, artificial lighting and unconventional cropping.