biology human body

respiratory, circulatory and digestive system

absorption

taking digested food into the blood

alveoli

the small air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

anus

release waste material as faeces

aorta

the largest artery in the body that leaves the left ventricle and takes oxygenated blood to the body

artery

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart; carries mostly oxygenated blood

breathing

the process of taking air in (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation)

bronchi

large airways that air passes from the trachea to the bronchioles

bronchiole

small airways that air passes through from the bronchi to the alveoli

capillary

very thin blood vessel that allows for passage of water, oxygen, nutrients and waste products between the bloodstream and cells

carbohydrates

a substance (as a starch or sugar) that is used in the body for energy

cartilage

a type if firm and flexible tissue found in the trachea and bronchi, which helps to keep it open as air is drawn in

cell

smallest part of a living organsim

cellular respiration

process in a cell that converts glucose and oxygen to create energy (carbon dioxide and water are also given off)

chemical digestion

the process of using enzymes to digest large insoluble nutrients into small soluble ones

gas exchange

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and the alveoli (alternatively, between the capillaries and cells)

large intestine

reabsorb water into the bloodstream

lipids (fats and oils)

a substance (fat or oil) that is used in the body for energy

mouth

take food into the body, chew and grind it into smaller pieces

oesophagus

transport food from the mouth to the stomach

organ

a group of different tissues that work together to carry out a job in a system

organ system

a group of different organs, which work together to carry out a specific life process in an organism

organelle

small part of a cell with a particular job to do e.g. nucleus

pulmonary

relating to the lungs

pathogen

a bacterium, virus or other microorganism that can cause disease

protein

a substance that is used in the body for growth or repair

rectum

store waste material

red blood cell

a cell in the blood that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

small intestine

digest and absorb food into the bloodstream

stomach

stores and churns foods, digests protein. acid kills bacteria

tissue

a group of specialised cells that carry out a particular job

trachea

the ribbed tube that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

vein

a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart; carries mostly deoxygenated blood

vena cava

two large veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

ventricle

the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood, the left to the body and the right to the lungs

villi

small projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption

adaptations of RBC

thin membrane, biconcave shape, small and flexible, contains haemoglobin, no nucleus

adaptations of alveoli

millions of alveoli, large surface area, round shape, thin membranes, network of capillaries, surfactant to prevent sticking