Mod 78-80 Psych Flashcards

Aggression (mod 78)

physical or verbal behavior with the intent to hurt or destroy

Biology Impact on Aggression (mod 78)

Neural parts of the brain may impact aggression in people.
Our hormones, such as testosterone in men, will impact aggression

Genetic Influences on Aggression (mod 78)

Genetics influence because animals have been bred ages and their aggression will pass onto ours.

Neural Influences on Aggression (mod 78)

Neural influences involve many parts of the brain because it's a complex concept that causes us to act aggressively. Frontal lobes help control anger.
Alcohol can increase aggression.

Biochemical Influences on Aggression (mod 78)

Our hormones, especially testosterone in men, make them more aggressive the more of the testosterone they have.
That's why as men age they get calmer and quieter because their testosterone levels drop.

Sociocultural and Psychological Influences on Aggression (mod 78)

Frustration, to anger, to aggression is how aggressive behavior works.
Hot temperatures, physical pain, personal insults, foul odors, cigarette smoke, crowding, and a host of others—can also evoke hostility

Frustration Aggression Principle (mod 78)

the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Reinforcement and Modeling Influence on Aggression (mod 78)

- reinforcement for aggressive behavior, and observing an aggressive role model can all contribute to aggression
- Media portrayals of violence provide social scripts that children learn to follow.
- Viewing sexual violence contributes to greater aggression toward women.

Social Scripts (mod 78)

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.

In other words society's expectations on how to act in public to appear "normal."

Social scripts increase aggressive behavior because people might misunderstand a situation and think that reacting in a way is appropriate or acceptable.

Disinhibition (mod 78)

Disinhibition is basically acting impulsively without thinking, meaning you don't have any patience or maturity to think before you act, causing aggression

Proximity (or closeness, in relation...) (mod 79)

Study after study reveals that people are most inclined to like, and even to marry, those who live in the same neighborhood, who sit nearby in class, who work in the same office, who share the same parking lot, who eat in the same cafeteria

Mere Exposure Effect (mod 79)

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Physically Attractive (mod 79)

you are treated with more respect because the more attractive you are the more people like you.

people perceive you as healthier, happier, more sensitive, more successful, and more socially skilled.

Symmetry (mod 79)

people with symmetrical faces and bodies are more sexually attractive

Similarity (mod 79)

the more alike people are, the more their liking endures

Reward Theory of Attraction (mod 79)

People are attracted to individuals exhibiting behaviors that are rewarding to them or whom they associate with rewarding events.

Passionate Love (mod 79)

Passionate love is in the beginning and based on arousal, and it turns into romantic love as it grows together because it's the wanting of the attachment with the person.

Companionate Love (mod 79)

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. It helps last relationships longer.

Self Disclosure (mod 79)

vital ingredient of loving relationships is self-disclosure, the revealing of intimate details about ourselves—our likes and dislikes, our dreams and worries, etc etc

Altruism (mod 80)

a selfless regard to the wellbeing of others

Bystander Intervention (mod 80)

recognizing a potentially harmful situation or interaction and choosing to respond in a way that could positively influence the outcome.

Personal Responsibility Role (mod 80)

We will help only if the situation lets us first to notice the situation, then to interpret it as an emergency, and finally take responsibility for helping

Darley and Latane Discovery on Helping Behavior (mod 80)

When more people shared responsibility for helping—multiple people present in a dangerous situation—everyone was less likely to help.

When the responsibility is only on you, and you're the only one that knows the situation, you are more likely to help.

Diffusion of Responsibility (mod 80)

as the number of bystanders increases, the personal responsibility that an individual bystander feels decreases

Factors Increasing Odds to Help (mod 80)

- the person appears to need and deserve help.
- the person is in some way similar to us.
- the person is a woman.
- we have just observed someone else being helpful.
- we are in a small town or rural
area.
- we are feeling guilty.
- we are focused on others and not
preoccupied.
- we are in a good mood.

Norms and Norms for Helping (mod 80)

Basic morals we should follow and how we should act in a social situation to seem "normal."

Through socialization, we learn the reciprocity norm (reciprocating acts of kindness or cruelty) , the expectation that we should return help, not harm, to those who have helped us. It compels us to give in favors, gifts, or social invitations, about as much as we receive

Social Responsibility Norm (mod 80)

that we should help those who need our help—young children and others who cannot give as much as they receive—even if the costs outweigh the benefits

Social Trap (mod 80)

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Mirror-Image Perception (mod 80)

those in conflict tend to have negative impressions on each other, ongoing the tension between them

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (mod 80)

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

You tell yourself you can do it, you end up doing it. You tell yourself you can't, you don't.