Science enzyme and ATP

What are Enzymes?

They act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

What are protiens

Small machines in the process of our cells in many assembly lines to speed up chemical reactions in our body and can be used over time

What are Substrate

Molecules were enzymes will connect to one another to increase the speed of the chemical reaction

What is a Active site

The place were enzymes link up to the substrate

What type of biological molecules (macromolecules) are enzymes

Proteins

What are the monomer of the macromolecules of proteins

Amino acids

How are enzymes specific

Each type of enzymes reacts to the specific substance it was made for

What happens to a enzyme when it becomes denatured

The enzyme stops working because the enviroment affects the speed

What are the 4 factors that affect enzyme activity

1. Temperature

2. pH

3. Concentration

4. Inhibitors

What happens to proteins (Enzymes) as the temperature changes

When the temperature becomes so high and how fast the reaction will occur it will stop working

What does pH measure

The concentration of hydrogen ions

What happens to proteins (enzymes) when there pH changes

When there is high or low pH will slow down the reaction or even stop it all together

Inhibitors speed up or slow down enzyme activity

Slow down

Activators speed up or slow down enzyme activity

Speed up

Enzymes blank get used up after they do their job

Dont

What are catalyst

Any chemical that speeds up reactions

What do most ensymes end in

Ase

How do enzymes work

1. Enzymes bind to a substrate

2. The substrate binds to a specific enzyme on the enzymes active site this is the location on the enzymes that matches the substrate fitting like a lock and a key

3. When an enzyme and substrate join the active site is blocked so no other substrate can fit into it until the reaction is complete

4. When the reaction is complete the products release from the enzyme active site which frees enzymes to interact with another substrate

5. The enzyme does not change after it has been used the enzymes can be reused again and again

6. This reaction will continue until there are no longer any substrates to interact with

What is a enzyme substrate complex

When the enzyme and subsrate combine

What are catabolic reactions

Reactions that break down a substrate into multiple products

Diagram of enzyme amylase breaks down into starch into sugars

What does lactase help break down into simple sugars

lactose

Enzymes are what reactions

catalyze reations

If you add more substrates the reaction will

Continue

If you add more enzymes but run out of substrate the reaction will

stop

Reactants in an enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions are called

Substrates

Macromolecules that can act as enzymes are

proteins

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

decreasing the activation energy

Proteins (like enzymes) unwind or blank when placed in extreme pH or temperature conditions

Denature

Enzymes are

Unchanged during chemical reactions and reusable

How does changing the enzymes shape cause it to work poorly or not at all

Depends on the active site

What do polymerase do

builds or synthesize DNA molecules

What does ATP stand for

Adenosine Triphosphate

Is ATP useable energy yes or no

Yes

What are the 3 parts to ATP

1. Sugar=ribose

2. Nitrogen base=Adenine

3. 3 Phosphates

What does ATP do?

Releases stored energy by breaking the chemical bond between the phosphate

When ATP breaks the chemical bond between the phosphate what does it make and is it dehydration or hydrolysis

ADP=Adenosine disphosphate= hydrolysis

The equation for ATP to ADP

ATP + H2O- ADP + P + Energy

How do organisms make ATP

They use food (glucose) to make ATP through a process called cellular respiration

Equation for ADP to ATP

ADP + P + Energy- ATP +H2O

To make ATP what type of process is it

Dehydration synthesis. or Phosphorylation

What is a endergonic reaction

absorbs free energy from its surroundings

What do endergonic reaction need

Needs or requires Energy (Input)

Is a endergonic reaction ATP-ADP or ADP-ATP

ADP-ATP

What is a Exergonic reaction

energy is released to the surroundings (Output)

Is a Exergonic reaction ATP-ADP or ADP-ATP

ATP-ADP

What order does the ATP model go from

Does the hydrolysis of ATP result in net output or net input or energy

ATP is a net Output of energy

Which molecule, ATP or ADP has a higher potential energy

ATP because it makes 3 products and ATP is energy

What is happening during phosphorylation

A free phosphate group is bound back to a ADP molecule to start ATP

Name 2 cellular responses that could be fueled by hydrolysis of ATP

Nerve impulse propagation, Active impulse

What cellular, exergonic process supply the energy needed for the phosphorylation of ADP

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis