Section 1-2 Science 2027

What are the required criteria that makes an animal an animal? (5)

Feed on Organic Matter, Be able to move, Be made up of multiple cells that contain membrane-bound organelles and produce collagen

Which type of Cells are animals made up of? (5)

Eukaryotic cells

What is Collagen? (6)

Protein that provides structure to cells making animal eukaryotic cells unique

Why is Fungi Kingdom not classified as animals? (6)

They Produce Chitin not Colllagen

Why are Protists not considered animals? (6)

They are usually unicellular and don’t produce collagen

Define viviparous (8)

Animals that give birth to live young that develops in the mothers body

Define Oviparous (8)

Animals that lay eggs that hatch outside the mothers body

Define Monotreme (8)

A mammal that lays eggs that hatch outside of the mothers body

Which of these animals is NOT a monotreme (8)

Anteater

What is the function of the middle ear bone in mammals? (8)

Allows mammals to transmit sound vibrations into messages in the brain

What makes up an Insect? (8)

3 body segments and 6 legs

What makes up an Arachnid? (8)

2 body segments and 8 legs

What group do Tarnigrades belong to? (9)

Tarnigrada

What group of animals do Jellyfish belong to? (9)

Cnidarians

Why do animals play generally? (11)

Way for animals to test strength and skills

Order of the 6 levels of ecology from smallest to largest (12)

Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

Which of these is NOT a binomial scientific name? (12)

Brassica oleracea capitata

Why was Latin chosen as the language for scientific names? (13)

Because it was a dead language and wouldn’t change over time

Order of Taxonomy from smallest to broadest (13)

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain, Life

What is the point where two branches meet on a phylogenetic tree called? (14)

Interior node

What is an divergence event on a phylogenetic tree (14)

Point in which two sides can no longer breed with one another

What was the last universal common ancestor? (15)

LUCA

What was the first animal to transition from water to land? (15)

P. Newmani (Pneumodesmus newmani)

Who discovered the first animal to transition from the water to land (15)

Paul Newmani

When did Mammals first appear in relation with the dinosaurs? (15)

They first appeared around 225 million years ago during when the dinosaurs started appearing and lived alongside the dinosaurs until their extinction.

What is the species of the first mammal to ever appear? (15)

Basilodon

Why did mammals survive the mass extinction event that killed the dinosaurs? (15)

Because of their small size and robust diets

Of what phylum do vertebrates belong to? (15)

Chordata

What is the class of the red fox given its entire taxonomic rank?

Eukaryota - Animalia - Chordata - Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae - Vulpes - vulpes (13)

Mammalia

What is the family of the bald eagle given its entire taxonomic rank?

Eukaryota - Animalia - Chordata - Aves - Accipitriformes - Accipitridae - Haliaeetus - leucocephalus (13)

Accipitridae

Why are the biggest animals water bound? (18)

Because water supports their bodies in a way the air cannot

In which era did dinosaurs and insects grow extremely large? (18)

Mesozoic

What are behaviors controlled by genes classified as? (18)

Instinctual

What are behaviors controlled by outside factors classified as? (18)

Learned

What is Kin Selection? (19)

a theory of natural selection that explains why behaviors, like the tendency to help genetically related relatives, persist in some species despite being costly to the individual

What may have triggered the ancient Egyptians to worship the cat god Baset as a goddess of pregnancy and childbirth? (20)

Around the same time cats were becoming domesticated and their behavior could have influenced the perception of the goddess.

what is the name of the study of the science of animal behavior? (21)

Ethology

What was the term that early ethologists used to describe how they studied the natural world? (21)

“Naturalist”

Who had hinted at evolution prior to Charles Darwin? (21)

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Where did Charles Darwin develop his modern theory of evolution? (21)

The Galapagos Islands

Who is credited as being the first person to write about animal behavior? (21)

Aristotle

Who developed the four questions for explaining animal behaviors? (22)

Niko Tinbergen

Which order of people aligns most with this order of animals Geese - Seagulls - Bees (22)

Konrad Lorenz - Niko Tinbergen - Karl Von Frisch

Which order of people aligns with this order of studies and discoveries: sexual selection and mate choice (how animals convey information to each other) - The “Four Questions” and animal learning - imprinting behavior (22)

Karl Von Frisch - Niko Tinbergen - Konrad Lorenz

What is Anthropomorphism? (24)

Behavior of animals is viewed through the lens of human behavior

What is an example of a situation in which ethologists could let bias seep into their analysis through anthropomorphism? (24)

Chimpanzees baring their teeth as an act of submission when they are fearful

What is a Control Group? (26)

The group in a research study that is not manipulated in any way

Where are ethograms used? (26)

Observational studies, laboratory studies, and to study the health and welfare of all types of animals in captivity