general bio 121 exam 4incomplete
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61 Terms
Where does translation of the mature messenger RNA take place
cytoplasm
where does translation take place
chloroplast and mitochondria
what organelle translates mature m RNA into amino acids
ribosomes
what determines the linear sequence of amino acids in the protein synthesized by the ribosome
codons
where are ribosomes located
cytosol, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
what does mature mrna pass through to leave the nucleus
nuclear pores
what forms ribosome structure
large and small subunit
what ribsomes made of
ribosomal RNA molecules and ribosomal proteins
how many ribosomes do mammals have
10 mill rib
prokaryotics make less ribosomes than eukaryotic
true euka makes 80, pro 70
ribosome size diff matter in med
antibiotics hurt bacteria translation by attacking 70s sized rib
which complec molecular machine reads linear sequence of codons in mRNA to make proteins
ribosomes
messenger RNA made in the nucleus translated where
cytosol/cytoplasm
how many start codons
1 and its AUG
what is a codon
sequence of 2 consecutive nucleotide
how many codons code for translation stop site
3
what sequence does ribosome read from the messenger RNA to make a protein
sequence of codons
the ——— codon tells ribosome where to begin translating the transcript
start
what is a genetic code table
table that shows the def/protein that each codon codes for
what specialed RNA molecules delivers the amino acids to the ribosome during translation
tRNA —> transfer RNA
All of the 20 amino acids have at least one type of __________ molecule that delivers it to the ribosome during translation.
tRNA
what enzyme attaches the proper amino acid to the proper tRNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
tRNA delivers amino acids to ________ during translation.
ribosomes
1st phase of translation
initiation phase
what happens during the initiation phase
Assembles, aligns, and activates all the components required for the ribosome to begin Translation at the start codon.
what complex is formed by the large subunit binding
translation initiation complex
What modification is required for mRNA to interact with small ribosomal subunits in the cytosol
5 G Cap
what factors required for initiation complex
initiation factors
what fuels translation initiation complex
gtp
translation is energy intensive process
true
each tRNA contains a sequence of 3 nucleotides called
anticodon
anticodon recognized the —— during translation
codon
what is the 2nd part of the translation process
the elongation cycle and this is when the ribosome reads the linear sequence of codons in the mRNA to synthesize the protein.
what energy rich molecule does the elongation cycle require
GTP
elongation factor ensures that ——- carrying the proper amino acid enters the ribosome
tRNA
what RNA enzyme links the amino acids together during elongation cycle
peptidyl transferases
final stage of translation
The termination phase, and ribosome meets the stop codon and interacts with release factors to release the protein, and detach the subunits of the ribosome.
what energy rich molecule duels the last step of trasnlation
gtp
the —— codon is in contact with the ribosom to stop translation
stop
what is the product of translation
protein
where does the newly synthesized protein go after it is made
where it’s needed - in or outside cell
signal sequence usage
zipcode proper delivery of proteins
The signal sequence for delivery to the mitochondrion was attached to a protein made in the cytosol, where will the protein be delivered?
mitochondrion
which amino acid sequence enables deliver of proteins to ER
signal peptide
some antibodies inhibit the activity of ribosomes which prevent
translation