A&P Chapter 11: Cardiovascular

What does the atria do?

recieve

What do ventricles do?

eject blood

The left ventricle wall

Is much thicker, generate pressure for systemic circulation

Right ventricle

Supplies the pulmonary circuit

Interatrial and interventricular septa

separate chambers

Auricles

Increase atrial volume

Pectinate muscles

Are atrial ridges

trabeculae carneae

Are ventricular ridges

Papillary muscles

Connect to AV valve cusps, restrain the cusps during ventricular contraction, prevent prolapse into the atria

Coronary sulcus

Marks atrial ventricular junction

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

mark the ventricular separation externally

Fibrous pericardium

Protects, anchors, and helps prevent overfilling of the heart.

Parietal serous pericardium

Lines the fibrous sac

Visceral serous pericardium

covers the heart, is also the epicardium

Where is the pericardial cavity?

Between the parietal and visceral serous layers, fluid reduces friction

Epicardium

Outer wall layer

Myocardium

thick contractile muscle layer

Endocardium

The endothelial lining of chambers and valves.

Valves

Open/close passively when pressure differences reverse, don’t actively pull open

AV valves

Prevent ventricular to atrial backflow

Semilunar valves

Prevent arterial to ventricular backflow.

S1 or lub: AV valves close near the start of ventricular systole

AV valves close near start of ventricular systole

S2 or dup

Semilunar valves close near the start of ventricular diastole

Auscultation

listening to body sounds

Cardiac cells

Short, branches, striated, interconnected, intercalated discs have desmosomes for attachment/gap junctions for electrical communications

Autorhythmic cells

Spontaneously depolarize, contractile cells generate pumping force, intrinsic conduction system consists of specialized cardiac cells