HHD SAC

What is a general practioner (GP)?

A doctor who has a wide range of skills and knowledge and looks after most the pepole in a community

What can GP’s do?

Diagnose, treat, and prescribe medication for treatments

What are allied health services?

Health professionals outside of the medical and dental fields

Who are allied health professionals?

University qualified professionals with expertise in their field

What are some examples of allied health services?

Counselling, pyschoology, nutrition, chiropratic, optometry, podiatry, physiotheraphy, and pharmacy

Are allied health services covered by Medicare?

No, allied health services are not covered by Medicare

What are alternative health services?

Healthcare that can be used instead of or alongside traditional health services

Do alternative health services need to be registered with AHPRA?

Yes, most alternative health services require practioners to be registered with the AHPRA

What are some examples of alternative health services?

Acupuncture, homeopathy, natureopathy, massage therapy, yoga, pilates, and traditional Chinese medicine

What does Medicare provide for Australians?

Medicare gives all Australians access to healthcare that is subsidized by the federal government

What does Medicare aim to do?

Medicare aims to provide access to affordable basic healthcare in what is known as the public health sector

What does Medicare cover?

Covers some or all fees of GP consultations, tests, and examinations (e.g. x-rays, pathology tests, eye tests)

Does Medicare cover dental care?

No, Medicare generally doesn’t cover dental care but in some cases, like wisdom tooth removal, they do

What is the Medicare Safety Net?

A Medicare system that ensures people and families who require frequent services covered by Medicare are provided with extra financial support

Who is eligible for the Medicare Safety Net?

Once a person or family has paid a threshold of out-of-pocket expenses they are eligible for even further subsidized costs

What does Medicare not cover?

Ambulance services, home nursing/treatment, dental examinations & treatments for 18+ who can make ends meet, glasses, contact lendes, hearing aids, alternative health services, accomodation (private only), and cosmetic surgery

What are the advantages of Medicare?

Reduced cost for essential medical services, choice of doctor for out-of-hospital services, avaliable to all Australian citizens, allows Australian citizens to access free healthcare in selected countries, partially covers tests & examinations by doctors & specialists, and the Medicare Safety Net provides extra financial support

What are the disadvantages of Medicare?

No choice of doctor for in-hospital treatments, waiting lists for many treatments, does not cover alternative therapies or allied health services, often does not cover the full amount of doctor’s visit

How is Medicare funded?

General taxation, the Medicare Levy, and the Medicare Levy Surcharge

What is the Medicare Levy?

An additional 2% tax placed on taxable income of most tax payers

What is the Medicare Levy Surcharge?

An additional 1-1.5% tax on high-income earners who do not have private health insurance

What does PBS stand for?

Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme

What does the PBS do?

Subsidizes medicines for consumers who make a patient co-payement

What is the aim of the PBS?

To provide essential medicines to people who need them

What does the PBS Safety Net do?

Provides customers who reach a threshold with a flat rate of medicines at $7.70

What does NDIS stand for?

National Disability Insurance Scheme

What is the NDIS?

A government insurance schmee that provides funding for services to eligible Australians with a disability

How do I be eligible for the NDIS?

To be eligible the person must be an Australian citizen, have a permanent or significant disability, and be under 65 years old when first applying

What does the NDIS help with?

Daily personal activities requiring in-home care, transport, workplace assistance, home/vehicle modifications, mobility equipment, speech pathology, and educationoal support

What is a patient co-payement?

The payement made by the consumer for health products or services in addition to the amount paid by the government

What are in-hosptial-expenses?

Costs for treatment and accomodation in a public hospital (Medicare)

What are out-of-hospital expenses?

Costs for services such as doctors, specialists, tests and x-rays (Medicare)

What is a schedule fee?

The amount that Medicare contributes towards certain consultations and treatments

What are out-of-pocket expenses?

Costs that the patients must pay

What are some of the community services supporting youth health and wellbeing?

Doctors/dentists, sporting & recreational clubs, headspace, places of worship, volunteer organisatioons, and secondary school immunisation program

How do doctors/dentists support youth health and wellbeing?

Patients who are ill or injured can seek treatment from a GP improving their physical health and wellbeing and being able to access an orthodontist can be key to improving self-esteem as many young people are self-conscious about their teeth

How do sporting and recreational clubs support youth health and wellbeing?

Working together, socialising, making new friends —> social health and wellbeing

Physical activity, sports tournaments, games —> physical health and wellbeing

Sense of belonging, having a purpose —> spiritual health and wellbeing

Feeling happy and experiencing enjoyment —> mental health and wellbeing

Learning resilience, appropriately expressing emotions —> emotional health and wellbeing

How does headspacve support youth health and wellbeing?

Counselling services —> emotional and spiritual health and wellbeing

How do place of worship support youth health and wellbeing?

Meeting likeminded people, regular interactions —> social health and wellbeing

Feel a sense of belonging, sense of purpose —> spiritual health and wellbeing

How does the secondary school immunisation program support youth health and wellbeing?

Being vaccinated, not catching infectious diseases —> physical health and wellbeing

Reduces stress around disease and sickness —> mental health and wellbeing

How do volunteer organisations support youth health and wellbeing?

Depending on the organisation the dimension they support will be different. E.g., St Johns —> physical, social, spiritual

What is the Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights?

The rights of patients, consumers and other people using the Australian healthcare system

Why were the Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights made?

To ensure no matter where healthcare is provided within Australia, it is of high quality and is safe for patients and practioners

What are the 3 principles of the Charter?

1. Everyone has the right to be able to access healthcare and this right is essential for the Charter to be

meaningful.

2. The Australian government commits to international agreements about human rights, which recognise everyone’s right to have the highest possible standard of physical and mental health and wellbeing.

3. Australia is a society made up of people with different cultures and ways of life, and the Charter

acknowledges and respects these differences.

What are 3 patient rights?

Information about their diagnoses, privacy of and access to their own medical records, and participate in decisions about their care

What are 3 patient responsibilities?

Ask questions about cost before treatments, treat medical staff with respect, and follow the instruction and medical orders of their doctors, nurses, and medical support staff to bring aboout the best results

What is Medical Confidentiality?

A set of rules that means that anything discussed between a doctor and patient must be kept private. This is known as doctor–patient confidentiality.

What is privacy?

What a patient tells their doctor, any information the doctor stores, medications prescribed and any other personal information is kept private.

What are the factors that limit youth’s access to healthcare?

Cost, confidentiality, schedule/time constraints, geographic location, complicated health system/health literacy, cultural factors

How does cost affect youth’s access to healthcare?

Attending GP consultations can be very pricey, even with Medicare, therefore attending appointments can be limited

How does schedule/time constraints affect youth’s access to healthcare?

Youth may find it hard to find time within their schedule at school/work to attend consultations making them bothersome

How does geographic location affect youth’s access to healthcare?

Youth in rural or remote areas may find it difficult to get to clinics making consultations annoying

How does a complicated health system/health literacy affect youth’s access to healthcare?

A complicated health system may be intimidating to youth leading them to not use the healthcare system as well as being uneducated about seeking medical advice

How do cultural factors affect youth’s access to healthcare?

Cultural factors can result in language barriers and different beliefs and values causing them to avoid healthcare

How does confidentiality affect youth’s access to healthcare?

Many youth worry that their health practioner will disclose private information to someone leading them to disengage with the healthcare system

What is digital media?

Refers to audio, video and photograhpic content that has been converted into a digital media file

What digital media is used for health and wellbeing?

Internet search engines, mobile apps, general health and wellbeing websites, technology-based patient consultations (telehealth), and symptom checkers

What are telehealth consultations?

Doctor-patient consultations that use any form of technology, including video conferencing, internet, or telehpone, as an alternative to face-to-face in-person consultations

What are symptom checkers?

People can access these 24 hours a dau and either search for various symptoms they may be suffering or answer a number of basic questions to determine the best action to take when feeling unwell or experiencing certain symptoms

What are health and wellbeing mobile apps?

Used to access specific health information on a wide range of topics including food ingredient lists for people with allerigies, exercises trackers, menstural period trackers and skin checks for moles.

What are general health and wellbeing websites?

Government and non-government organisations that provide large doses of health and wellbeing information through their websites

What are search engines for health and wellbeing?

For Google, it is a easily accessible single reliable source of health information that has been checked by doctors assisting users to gather more relevant information and decide which course to take

What are some of the opportunities created for health and wellbeing through digital media?

Location, cost, language barriers, expanding of diagnoses, support groups, confidentiality issues, and schedule/time constraints

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through location?

Because digital media is online, Australians living in rural and remote areas can easily access health informatino without having to travel

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through cost?

Appartment from the cost of the internet, health information online is free and is avaliable to anyone who has internet

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through language barriers?

Many websites offer multiple languages allowing people to freely switch between languages when accessing health information

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through expanding on diagnoses’?

Digital media can be useful when needing to clarify or further research treatments, conditions, or advice

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through support groups?

Through the internet, people can share their own experiences and provide what advice about what they have learnt. This can lead to community support groups being built that share an emotional and social connection.

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through confidentiality issues?

With an app or website you can access health information privately without having to worry about being identified

How does digital media promote health and wellbeing through schedule/time constraints?

Online health information is available 24/7 meaning it can be accessed whenever and wherever as long as their is internet

What are some challenges for health and wellbeing created by digital media?

Reliability challenges, low health literacy, self-diagnosing, self-medicating, and cyberchondria

How does digital media challenge health and wellbeing through reliability?

Not all online sources are accurate, truthful, and reliable. Due to the nature of medical advice about conditions or treatments, misinformation can be particularly harmful.

How does digital media challenge health and wellbeing through low health literacy?

Because there is so much health information to access, both harmful and helpful, a high level of health literacy is needed to sort through the right and the wrong. When a person has low health literacy they may chose to take advice from the harmful information worsening their condition.

How does digital media challenge health and wellbeing through self-diagnosing?

Internet resources give information only, they don’t ask the questions to accurately diagnose or identify a health condition, increasing the risk of people misdiagnosing their health concerns.

How does digital media challenge health and wellbeing through self-medicating?

Choosing medications based on a self-diagnoses may mean the real condition is not treated or the medication chosen may cause more health problems.

How does digital media challenge health and wellbeing through cyberchondria?

When researching symptoms a person may have they may aquire medical anxiety leading them to believe they have the worst case possible.

What does HCC stand for?

The Health Complaints Commisioner

What is the Health Complaints Commisioner?

An independent, fee-free organisation whose role is to receive and resolve complaints about health service providerrs through an impartial and confidential process

What is the first step in making a complaint to a health service?

Completing the easy resolution, going directly and complaining to the health service at hand

What is an ‘easy resolution’?

In most cases, the complaint is discussed with both parties over the phone to clarify the problem and to identify an acceptable solution.

What is a ‘formal resolution’?

This process begins by working with the complainant to write a formal description of the complaint, which is then sent, along with a resolution plan, to the health service provider.

What is a ‘investigation’?

The HCC may investigate public and private organisations as well as individual practitioners. Following an investigation into a registered or non-registered practitioner, the HCC may issue a public warning statement to alert people to serious risks to their health, life, safety or welfare.

What is the second step in making a complaint to a health service?

If the easy resolution did not resolve the complaint the patient should file their complaint to the HCC

What is the third step in making a complaint to a health service?

Once the complaint is accepted by the HCC, a formal or investigation action is taken on the complaint

What are the 5 dimensions of health and wellbeing?

Physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual (PEMSS)

What are the characteristics of physical health and wellbeing?

Health body weight, absense of illness, disease, or injury, optimal blood pressure, optimal levels of energy, appropriate levels of fitness, physical capacity to perform daily tasks, well-functioning body, systems, and organs.

What are the charcteristics of emotional health and wellbeing?

Recognise and understand emotional actions and reactions, effectively express and manage emotional actions and reactions, experience appropriate emotions in given scenarios, and have a high level of resilience.

What are characteristics of mental health and wellbeing?

Low levels of anxiety and stress, optimal self-esteem, positive thought patterns, high levels of confidence, use logic and reasoning to form opinions and make decisions, ability to think and process information

What are the characteristics of social health and wellbeing?

Productive relationships with other people, supportive and well-functioning family

What are the disadvantages of Medicare?

No choice of doctor for in-hospital treatments, waiting lists for many treatments, does not cover alternative & allied health services, and often doesn’t cover the full amount of GP consultation

What is bulk billing?

Bulk billing is when a doctor accepts the schedule fee as full payement for the services provided, therefore the patient doesn’t have to pay any out-of-pocket expenses

What is private health insurance?

A product that individuals and families can buy that helps cover the cost of some medical & dental services not covered by Medicare

What are the advantages of private health care?

Shorter wait times, choice of doctor and hospital, private accommodation, and ambulance services

What are the disadvantages of private health care?

Cost of private health insurance