Muscle ID

Frontalis

Elevates eyebrows; wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally

Corrugator supercilii

Pulls eyebrows inferiorly and medially (squinting)

Orbicularis oculi

Closes eye; pulls skin around the eyes (as in blinking and squinting)

Zygomaticus major

pulls angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling/laughing)

Zygomaticus minor

elevates lateral portion of the upper lip (smiling)

Orbicularis oris

Closes and protrudes lips (pursing lips)

Depressor anguli oris

Pulls corners of mouth inferiorly (sad frown)

Platysma

Depresses lower lip and opens mouth by depressing the mandible; tenses skin of the neck

Superior rectus

Elevates anterior eye and turns eye medially

Inferior rectus

Depresses anterior eye and turns eye medially

Medial rectus

Pulls anterior eye medially, toward the nose

Lateral rectus

Pulls anterior eye laterally (towards temples)

Superior oblique of eye

Pulls and rotates anterior eye inferiorly and laterally; left eye rolls to left and down

Inferior oblique of eye

Pulls and rotates anterior eye superiorly and laterally; left eye rolls left and up

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts mandible (closes jaw)

Masseter

Elevates mandible

Medial pterygoid

Elevates mandible; side-to-side grinding

Lateral pterygoid

Protracts mandible; side-to-side grinding

Styloglossus

Elevates and retracts (pulls up and back) the tongue

Hyoglossus

Depresses (pulls down) the tongue

Genioglossus

Protrudes (sticks out) the tongue

Sternocleidomastoid

Both sides: flex neck (to bow); One side: turns head to opposite shoulder

Trapezius (neck)

Extends the head (raises from “bow” position); moves the scapula

Erector spinae

holds erect or straight; extends vertebral column

Diaphragm

Flattens, lowering the "floor" of the thoracic cavity and increasing its volume, causing inhalation

External intercostals

Elevate the rib cage, spreading the ribs

Internal intercostals

Depress the rib cage, pulling ribs closer together

Rectus abdominis

flexion

Internal and external oblique of abdominal muscles

Compresses abdomen; flexes and rotates trunk

Transversus abdominis

Internal girdle, deepest of abdominal muscles

Pectoralis minor

pulls scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

Serratus anterior

protracts scapula (punching)

Trapezius (pectoral girdle)

extension, moves scapula

Deltoid

abduction of arm

Pectoralis major

flexes arm at shoulder

Latissimus dorsi

extends arm

Biceps brachii

flexes elbow, supinates forearm

Brachialis

prime mover of the arm (elbow flexion)

Triceps brachii

extends arm/triceps

Brachioradialis

Helps brachialis and brachii (flexes elbow)

Wrist flexors

Decreases the angle between bones (flex wrist)

Wrist extensors

Increases the angle between bones (extend wrist)

Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)

flexes hip

Sartorius

flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip; flexes knee

Gluteus maximus

Extends hip

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Abducts thigh

Quadriceps femoris muscle group (4 muscles - Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris)

Extends leg at knee

Hamstring muscle group (3 muscles)

Help gluteus maximus with its function and also flexion of leg at knee

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis

Adduction of thigh

Tibialis anterior

Pull up the foot at the ankle (dorsiflexion)

Gastrocnemius, Soleus

Plantar flexion

Fibularis longus

plantar flexion