chem exam 3

equilibrium

forward and backward reactions are happening simultaneously

we use two half arrows

reversible and happenign all the times

one equilibrium is acheived,

the amount of each reactant and product remains constant

equilibrium is

dynamic

the forward and backward reactions continue

At equillbrium, forward and backward reactions occur

at equal rates

at equilirbium, the concentraiton of products and reactants

remain constant

equilibrium will be acheived

given enough time

we can describe the progress of an equilibrium constant using

reaction quotient (Q)

Q=

If Q is large

more products

if Q is small

more reactants

At equilibrium to value of Q is equal to the

equalibrium constant (K)

K=

also equal to Kforward/Kreverse

products/reactants

equilibrium with gases

use Kp

in terms of partial pressure

relationship between Kc and Kp

Delta v is the sum of coefficient for products minus the sum of coefficients of reactants

homogeneous equilibria

when the reactants and products are all in the same phase

heterogeneous equilbria

not all substances exist in the same phase

pure liquids and pure solids are not included in the equilibrium expression

If K > 1

reaction is product favored
equilibrium lies to the right

If K<1

the reaction is reactant favored
equilibrium lies to the left

when we reverse an equation

we invent the value of K (take the reciprocal)

When we multiply the coefficients in a balanced equation

we raise K to the corresponding power

x^1/n

nsqrt(x)

k3 can be reactant favored, but

not as much as k2

If Q < K

the reaction shifts to form more products

equilibrium reactants<current reactants

if Q=K

reaction is at equilibrium

if Q>K

the reaction will shift to form more reactants