Ethics 2 Test Review

The practice of engineering

a very large scale experiment involving society.

Similarities & differences between engineering and scientific experiments

1. Both start in partial ignorance

2. final outcome have some uncertainties

3. Success depends upon gaining new knowledge

4. Monitoring and control is as essential to engineering as it is to experimentation in general.

5. lessons learned

Informed consent

1. given voluntarily

2. based on having information that a rational person would what

3. given by a competent person

Engineers as Responsible Experimenters

1. protect safety of human subjects and respect their consent.

2. aware of experimental nature

3. exercise autonomous and personal involvement

4. accept accountability

conscientinousness

requires a commitment to obtain all relevant factual information.

Dilution of responsibly comes from

1. specialization and divisoin of labor

2. strong psychological tendency to abandon person accountability

3. employer’s authority

Laws

written to provide enforceable sanctions

Regulations

written to minimum acceptable safety outcomes.

Standards

a set of explicit specifications

Ethical Corporate Climate

a working environment that is conducive to morally responsible conduct.

Who produces ethical corporate climate?

1. formal organizations and policies

2. informal traditions and practices

3. personal attitudes and commitments

7 common conflicts

1. schedules

2. which projects and departments are most important

3. personnel resources

4. technical issues

5. administrative procedures

6. personality conflicts

7. costs

4 conflict resolution

1. people: separate the people from the problem

2. interests: focus on interests

3. options: generate possibilities before deciding what to do

4. criteria

2 types of loyalty

agency and attitude

agency-loyalty

fulfill’s one contractual duties to an employer in return for the contractual benefits from the corporation.

attitude-loyalty

attitudes, emotions, and a sense of personal identity prevails

Monsanto Glyphosphate Case

Compensatory damages and Punitive Damages

Compensatory Damages

compensates for the person’s lost wage, time, or life

Punitive Damage

punish the company and send a message to other companies about behavior.

Honesty

1. An adherence to the facts: Sincerity

2. Fairness and straightforwardness of conduct

Truthfulness

To tell the truth.

Trust

An assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something.

3 forms of currency

1. cost

2. schedule

3. trust

integrity

a strict adherence to a code of moral or ethical values

academic dishonesty

1. cheating

2. fabrication

3. plagiarism

4. facilitating academic dishonesty

5. misrepresentation

6. failure to contribute to a collaborative project

7. sabotage

8. theft

Babbage’s 4 Research integrity

1. Forging

2. Hoaxing

3. Trimming

4. Cooking

Giving and Claiming Credit

1. plagiarism

2. misrepresenting credentials

3. misleading listing of authorship

Institutional Research Boards (IRB)

oversee human subject testing.