lesson 13- fluids, electolytes, acid-base balance

what are factors effecting body water content

Age (more in infants less in adults) sex (more in males, lesson females) body mass (greater the larger the mass) body fat (fat has less water, skeletal muscle contains more)

sodium

most influential in fluid regulation, both neural and hormonal control

aldosterone

causes Na+ reabsorption/H2O retention

Renin- angiotensin II pathway stimulates what

system blood pressure and aldosterone release

baroreceptors sense rise of BP

cause vasodialation, loss of Na+/H2O in urine ( falling BP has the opposite)

ANP activated by rising blood pressure

systemic vasodialation and inhibits renin/aldosterone/ ADH enhancing Na+ and H2O excretion

chloride

major anion that accompanies Na+ reabsorption when blood pH normal to high

which of the following explains an increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water

an increase in ADH production

what is a substance that functions to prevent rapid, drastic changes in the pH of a body fluid by changing strong acids and bases into weak acids and bases

buffer

which of the following is a buffer for hydroxide ions

sodium phosphate

what is hypernatremia

a higher than normal amount of sodium in the blood

what are the three major chemical buffer systems of the body

bicarbonate, phosphate and protein buffer systems

which of the following would the body excrete in response to respiratory alkalosis

bicarbonate ions

which of the following describes the mechanism in which ADH preserves water

controls the amount of water reabsorbed from the collecting ducts

how does the body respond when compensating for metabolic acidosis

increases respiratory rate

which of the following are the main intracellular components

protein and potassium and phosphate ions

what determines the direction of water movement between fluid compartments

the concentration of solutes

which of the following is the major regulator of the level of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid

renal function

which of the following is associated with metabolic acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

increased rate of ketogenesis causes a low blood pH

which of the following organs contains the highest percentage of water

brain and kidney

what chemical substance dissociates in water and carries an electrical current

electrolytes

what cation is necessary for generations and conductions of action potentials and contributes nearly half of the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid?

sodium

what is the primary method of water movement in and out of body compartments

osmosis

which body system controls the carbonic acid levels in the body?

the respiratory system

the act of rapid deep breathing called hyperventilation can result in what homeostatic imbalance

respiratory alkalosis

symptoms of a patient with emphysema

A pH of 7.32 and a high pCO2

function of aldosterone

regulates sodium and potassium