Micro exam 2 set 8

What are flagella used for?

Motility

What are Prokaryotic flagella made out of?

flagellin

What motion do prokaryotic flagella use to propel the cell?

they spin

How are prokaryotic flagella powered?

using a sodium and hydrogen ion gradient

What are eukaryotic flagella made out of?

Microtubules

What motion do eukaryotic flagella use to propel the cell?

They wave

How are Eukaryotic flagella powered?

ATP

What is a Pilus?

A longer hair like appendage that bacteria use to attach to things and to transmit plasmids

What is a capsule?

A sticky layer around the bacteria that it uses to attach to things and serves as a store of nutrients. It also can hide the bacteria from the immune system.

what are fimbriae?

numerous, tiny, hair-like appendages on a bacteria that allow it to better stick to things.

What is a plasmid?

a small circular piece of DNA

What do plasmids often contain

extra genes and often antibiotic resistant ones.

What is the slime layer?

a layer of looser glycocalyx, similar to a capsule except more diffuse and spread out.

What is a biofilm?

A slimy structure formed by groups of bacteria when put under stress.

What is quorum sensing?

Bacteria release chemicals to trigger congregation, often to gather up and form a biofilm.

Where are biofilms often found?

Rocks, metal, plastic, teeth

What does planktonic mean?

Bacteria in ideal conditions

What are biofilms made out of?

Polysaccarides?

What danger does bacteria pose to oil pipes?

They can corrode the metal and cause damage.

What are opportunistic pathogens?

normal microbes that cause disease under certain circumstances

How much do biofilms cost US oil and gas?

$5-12 Billion dollars/ per year

What are the 2 main advantages bacteria gain when forming a biofilm?

Protection from predators as well as resistances to various harmful substances.

What danger can P. aeruginosa cause in the lungs

It can cause fatal lung infections in cystic fibrosis patterns.

How can P. aeruginosa cause disease in the lungs?

It can create biofilms in the lungs becoming an opportunistic pathogen