12 soil orders

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12 Terms

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Entisols

Very young soils; little profile development

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Inceptisols

Young soils; some beginning profile development

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Alfisols

Relatively fertile, often forest soils with clay accumulation

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Ultisols

Highly weathered, acidic, relatively low natural fertility

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Mollisols

Dark, fertile grassland soils; excellent for farming

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Vertisols

High shrink–swell clay content; expand when wet and crack when dry

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Histosols

Organic soils; extremely high organic matter

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Spodosols

Acidic, often sandy forest soils with organic matter and Al/Fe accumulation below the surface

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Andisols

Soils formed largely from volcanic materials

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Aridisols

Dry-region and desert soils

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Gelisols

Very cold soils with permafrost

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Oxisols

Extremely weathered tropical soils