Semantics

Agent

The entity that performs the action. Example:She cut her finger.

Experiencer

The entity that perceives or feels something. Example:They could see the boat clearly now.

Theme/Patient

The entity that undergoes an action or is directly affected by it. Example:She cut her finger.

Instrument

The means by which an action is performed. Example:It is treated with acid.

Goal

The endpoint of a movement or transfer. Example:They arrived late at the airport.

Source

The starting point of a movement. Example:She received a letter from Paris.

Beneficiary/Recipient

The entity that benefits from an action or receives something. Example:She gave him a gift.

Possession

The entity being possessed or owned. Example:He owns an eco-tourism company.

Antonyms

Words with opposite meanings. Example:dark - pale

Synonyms

Words with similar meanings. Example:exceptional - extraordinary

Homophones

Words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Example:flour - flower

Homonyms

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings. Example:a dog’s bark - a tree’s bark

Hyponymy

A hierarchical relationship where one word is a more specific instance of a more general word. Example:winter - season

Polysemy

When a single word has multiple related meanings. Example:bank (the side of a river) - bank (a financial institution)

Meronymy

The relationship of part to whole. Example:wheel - car