Rise of Nationalism/Unification of Countries

What is Risorgimento

movement for italians to unite in 1830s and 1840s

Who was Giuseppe Mazzini

leader of the unification movement

Who was Northern Italy controlled by before unification?

Austria

Who was Southern Italy controlled by before unification?

Spain-Italians

Camillo Cavour gets which two countries to sign alliances with Sardinia?

Britain and France

Giuseppe Gerabaldi leads which group?

Red Shirts

The Red Shirts were in southern Italy ready to free Rome from papal control but were afraid which country would be upset if they attacked Rome?

France

Which two leaders unite to unify the entirety of Italy

Garibaldi and Cavour

As a result of the unification of Italy what happened to the Vatican?

The Vatican was given to the Pope

As a result of the unification of Italy what happened to Rome?

Rome became a part of Italy

What is Economic Unity in terms of German Unification?

Unity began cause all the different German states wanted to get rid of tariffs on each other

How did Economic Unity affect tariffs?

Tariffs were dropped and a common currency is created

How did Economic Unity affect economy?

economy takes off and industry booms

In 1862 Bismarck becomes _______

Prussian Prime Minister

Define Realpolitik

success by any means necessary

Why did Bismarck want to build up the German military?

To unite German lands- only violence would unite Germany

Prussia Austria form an alliance and take land from ___ and lands he considered to be german territory ___ and ___

Denmark - Schleswig and Holstein

Why did Austria and Prussia go to war? Who wins?

They couldn’t agree on how to run the territories (Schleswig and Holstein)

Prussia won - better soldiers, weapons, and transportation

What happened as a result of the Austrian War?

Austria became its own country and doesn’t join with Germany

Bismarck still wants southern Germany however what was his conflict?

There were many Catholics there and he knew he would have to fight against France

Prussia invades France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) who won?

Prussia won easily

Prussia forced Germany to pay ___ and give up ___ and ___

Prussia forced Germany to pay 1 billion dollars and give up Alsace and Lorraine

Why did Prussia want Alsace and Lorraine?

They had coal and steel

What is a Kaiser?

an emperor

What is a Chancellor?

second in command

The Second Reich Begins, who becomes Kaiser and who becomes Chancellor?

Kaiser - King Wilhelm of Prussia

Chancellor - Bismarck

What did Parliament of The Second Reich contain?

A lower house (Reichstag)

An upper house (Bundesrat)

How is the Lower House determined?

How is the Upper House determined?

Lower - voted in by the people

Upper - appointed by the Kaiser

Who had real power in Germany during the second reich?

the Kaiser and Bismarck

Who became kaiser in 1888?

William II

What were the affects of William II’s rule as Kaiser?

* Germany continued to grow industrially
* Massive railroad system was built
* Built a huge navy and produced more weapons than any other country

Why is Germany becoming very powerful?

They have natural resources; steel, coal, weapons, food, etc.

Austria and Hungry form an alliance during the unification of Eastern Europe, who ends up not liking this?

Russia

Who does Serbia want to unite with? Who didn’t want this to happen?

Serbia wanted to unite with other Slavic people in Austria-Hungary which Austria didn’t want

Why was Russia far behind other European nation?

Russia was still practicing feudalism in the 1800s

Who did Russia want to unite?

all Slavic people

Who abolishes feudalism and why?

Alexander II abolishes feudalism - he wanted to be like other European powers

What did Alexander II do in Russia?

* opened schools
* reforms the army
* began building railroads and factories

When and by what is Alexander III assassinated?

he’s killed by a bomb in 1881