CNA week 4- terms

dehydration

a decrease in the amount of water in the body tissues

edema

the swelling of body tissues with water

electrolytes

minerals dissolved in water

graduate

a measuring container for fluid

hydration

having an adequate amount of water in body tissues

intake

the amount of fluid taken in; input

output

the amount of fluid lost

aspiration

breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

enteral nutrition

giving nutrients into the gastro-intestinal tract through a feeding tube

flow rate

the number of drops per minute or milliliters per hour

gastrostomy tube

a feeding tube inserted through a surgically created opening in the stomach

gavage

the process of giving a tube feeding

intravenous (IV) therapy

giving fluids through a needle or catheter inserted into a vein;IV and IV infusion

jejunostomy tube

a feeding tube inserted into a surgically created opening in the jejunum of the small intestine

naso-enteral tube

a feeding tube inserted though the nose into the small bowel

naso-gastric tube

a feeding tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

parenteral nutrition

giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

A feeding tube inserted into the stomach through a small incision made through the skin; a lighted instrument is used to see inside a body cavity or organ

regurgitation

the backyard flow of stomach contents into the mouth

afebrile

without a fever

apical-radial pulse

taking the apical and radial pulses at the same time

blood pressure

the amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood

body temperature

the amount of heat in the body that is a balance between the amount of hat produced and the amount lost by the body

bradycardia

a slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minute

diastole

the period of heat muscle relaxation; the heart is at rest

diastolic pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest

febrile

with a fever

fever

elevated body temperature

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

pulse

the beat of the heart felt at an artery as a wave of blood passes trough the artery

pulse deficit

the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates

pulse rate

the number of heartbeats or pulses in 1 minute

respiration

breathing air into and out of the lungs

sphygmomanometer

a cuff and measuring device used to measure blood pressure

stethoscope

an instrument used to listen to the sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and other body organs

systole

the period of heart muscle contractions; the heart is pumping blood

systolic pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

tachycardia

a rapid heart rate; more than 100 beats per minute

thermometer

a device used to measure temperature

vital signs

temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure; pulse oximetry and pain are included in some agencies

aphasia

the total or partial loss of the ability to use or understand language

blindness

the absence of sight

braille

a touch reading and writing system that uses raised dots for each letter; the first 10 letter also represent the numbers 0-9

broca’s aphasia

another term for “expressive aphasia”

cerumen

earwax

deafness

hearing loss in which it is impossible for the person to understand speech through hearing alone

expressive aphasia

difficulty expressing or sending out thoughts through speech or writing; Broca’s aphasia

global aphasia

difficulty expressing or sending out thoughts and difficulty understanding language; mixed aphasia

hearing loss

not being able to hear the range of sounds associated with normal hearing

low vision

vision loss that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drugs, or surgery; vision loss interferes with every-day activities

mixed aphasia

another term for “global aphasia”

receptive aphasia

difficulty understanding language; Wernicke’s aphasia

tinnitus

a ringing, roaring, hissing, or buzzing sound in the ears or head

vertigo

dizziness

Wernicke’s aphasia

another term for “receptive aphasia”

amputation

the removal of all or parts of an extremity

arthritis

joint inflammation

arthoplasty

the surgical replacement of a joint

closed fracture

the bone is broken but the skin is intact; simple fracture

comminuted fracture

the bone is shattered or broken into 3 or more pieces

compound fracture

another term for “open fracture”

fracture

a broken bone

gangrene

a condition in which there is death of tissue

hemiplegia

paralysis on 1 side of the body

open fracture

the broken bone has pierced the skin; compound fracture

paralysis

loss of muscle function, sensation or both

paraplegia

paralysis in the legs and lower trunk

quadriplegia

paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk

simple fracture

another term for “closed fracture”

addiction

a chronic disease involving substance-seeking behaviors and use that is compulsive and hard to control despite the harmful effects

alcoholism

alcohol dependence that involves craving, loss of control, physical dependence, and tolerance

anxiety

a feeling or worry, nervousness, or fear about an event or situation

compulsion

an overwhelming urge to repeat certain rituals, acts, or behaviors

defense mechanism

an unconscious reaction that blocks unpleasant or threatening feelings

delusion

a false belief

delusion of grandeur

an exaggerated belief about ones importance, fame, wealth, power, or talents

delusion of persecution

a false belief that one is being mistreated, abused, or harassed

detoxification

the process of removing a toxic substance from the body

drug addiction

a strong urge or craving to use the substance and cannot stop using; tolerance develops

flashback

relieving the trauma over and over in thoughts during the day and in nightmares during sleep

hallucination

seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, or tasting something that is not real

mental health

involves a persons emotional, psychological, and social well-being

mental health disorder

a serious illness that can affect a persons’s thinking, mood, behavior, function, and ability to relate to others; mental illness, psychiatric disorder

obsession

a frequent upsetting, and unwanted thought, idea, or image

panic

an intense and sudden feeling of fear, anxiety, or dread

personality

the set of attitudes, values, behaviors, and traits of a person

phobia

an intense fear of something that has little or no real danger

psychosis

a state of severe mental impairment

stress

the response or change in the body caused by any emotional, psychological, physical, social, or economic factor

stressor

the event or factor that causes stress

suicide

to end ones life on purpose

suicide contagion

exposure to suicide or suicidal behaviors withing ones family or ones peer group or through media reports of suicide

withdrawal syndrome

the physical and mental response after stopping or severely reducing use of substance that was used regularly

cognitive function

involves memory, thinking, reasoning, ability to understand, judgement, and behavior

confusion

a state of being disoriented to person, time, place, situation or identity

delirium

a state of suddenly, severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function

dementia

the loss of cognitive function that interferes with daily life and activities

elopement

when a patient or resident leaves the agency without staff knowledge

paranoia

a disorder of the mind; false beliefs and suspicion about a person or situation