BIO100- Module 1.1

What advantage do multicellular organisms have over single-celled organisms?

a. Cells can be specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms.

b. Multicellular organisms use less energy.

c. Single-celled organisms have a smaller temperature range.

d. Cells can be sacrificed for the good of the organisms as a whole.

e. Both A and B

f. Both A and D

f. Both A and D

Which of the options is an example of a response to a stimulus?

a. A robin laying an egg.

b. A polar bear having oily fur that keeps them dry in frigid water.

c. A flower closing its petals because of a sudden drop in temperatures.

d. A tadpole metamorphosing into a frog.

c. A flower closing its petals because of a sudden drop in temperatures.

Reduced leaves on cacti allow them to live in the desert. This is an example of what characteristic of life?

a. Response to Stimuli

b. Order

c. Reproduction

d. Adaptation

d. Adaptation

Which property of life is best illustrated by the ability of humans to maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 98.6 degrees fahrenheit?

a. Order

b. Reproduction

c. Adaptation

d. Homeostasis

e. Energy Processing

d. Homeostasis

Offspring grow up to exhibit many of the same characteristics as their parents because of the ___________ they receive from their parents during reproduction.

a. Energy

b. DNA

c. Genes

d. Nutrients

e. Both B and C

f. Both B and D

e. Both B and C

Homeostasis

the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

Biology

the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments

Properties of Life

1. Order

2. Sensitivity or Response to Environment

3. Reproduction

4. Adaptation

5. Growth and Development

6. Regulation

7. Homeostasis

8. Energy Processing

9. Evolution

Organization of Life

Atom —> Molecule —> Organelles —> Cells —> Tissue —> Organs and Organ Systems —> Organisms, Populations and Communities —> Ecosystem —> Biosphere

Atom

a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions

Molecule

a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond

Macromolecule

a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules

Organelle

a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell

Cell

the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

Prokaryote

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

Eukaryote

an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Tissue

a group of smaller cells carrying out the same function

Organ

a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function

Organ System

the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs

Organism

an individual living entity

Population

all individuals within a species living within a specific area

Community

a set of populations inhabiting a particular area

Ecosystem

all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment

Biosphere

a collection of all ecosystems on Earth

Taxonomic System

1. Domain

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum

4. Class

5. Order

6. Family

7. Genus

8. Species

Evolution

the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising from older species

Phylogenetic Tree

a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the _______.

a. Organ

b. Organelle

c. Cell

d. Macromolecule

c. Cell

Which of the following statements is false?

a. Tissues exist with organs which exist within organ systems.

b. Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems.

c. Organelles exist within cells which exist within tissue.

d. Communities exist within ecosystems which exist within the biosphere.

b. Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems.

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most complex to the least complex level?

a. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population

b. organism, organ, tissue, organelle, cell

c. organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ

d. biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

d. biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

The great diversity of life on Earth is the result of ___________.

a. Biology

b. Organelles

c. Evolution

d. Phylogenetic Trees

c. Evolution

Which of the following statements is false?

a. Organisms placed in the same genus are least closely related.

b. The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.

c. Moving from species to kingdom, more different species are included in higher category.

d. Species that are in the same genus share very specific characteristics.

e. Taxonomists are biologists who classify organisms.

a. Organisms placed in the same genus are least closely related.