Module 1

What are the two main classifications of nutrients?

Macronutrients and micronutrients.

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients required in larger amounts, including carbohydrates, protein, fat, and water.

What is the primary source of energy for high-intensity exercise?

Carbohydrates.

How do fats function during physical activity?

Fats serve as a key fuel during lower-intensity, longer-duration activities.

What is the role of protein in the body?

Protein contributes to energy provision, growth, repair, and the synthesis of enzymes and hormones.

What are micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals required in smaller amounts that are essential for various metabolic functions.

What are non-nutrients?

Bioactive compounds in the diet that do not provide energy, such as fibre, polyphenols, and phytochemicals.

What is a common method for assessing nutrient content in foods?

Food composition tables.

What is the difference between retrospective and prospective dietary assessment methods?

Retrospective methods ask participants to recall past intake, while prospective methods involve recording intake as it occurs.

Name two retrospective dietary assessment methods.

24-hour recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).

What are the strengths of prospective dietary assessment methods?

They provide detailed information with reduced recall bias.

What is a 3-day weighed food record?

A gold-standard method where participants weigh and record everything consumed over three days.

How does remote food photography work as an assessment method?

Participants take photos of their meals, and practitioners use these images to estimate portion sizes and nutrient content.

What factors should practitioners consider when choosing a dietary assessment method?

The study's aim, desired accuracy, participant characteristics, and feasibility.

What strategies improve the validity and reliability of dietary data?

Standardising instructions, teaching portion estimation, collecting data over multiple days, and using biomarkers.

What are the components of a comprehensive nutritional assessment?

Dietary intake assessment, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measures, and clinical assessment.

What practical tips are recommended for athletes recording dietary intake?

Weigh foods when possible, record intake immediately after consumption, and ensure all intake is noted.

What is the importance of accurate dietary records for athletes?

They help optimise performance, guide training adaptations, and support recovery.