Exam 2 (Anatomy)

Knee Joint Muscles 

• Extensors: __________ muscle group

• Flexors: ____________ muscle group + others

Knee Joint Muscles 

• Extensors: Quadricep muscle group (quad = four muscles) 

• Flexors: Hamstring muscle group + others

What makes up the Pes Anserinus

Gracilis, Sart, Semi T

• Origin = ____________

• Insertion = ________________

• Innervation = _______________

• Origin = (where it starts)

• Insertion = (where it ends)

• Innervation = (what nerve communicates with it)

Vastus Lateralis

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

• Origin: Linea Aspera and greater trochanter of femur

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar tendon.

• Innervation: Femoral

• Action: Knee extension

• Notes: Largest quadricep muscle, uniarticular

Vastus Intermedius

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

• Origin: Anterior surface of femur

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patella

• Innervation: Femoral

• Action: Knee extension

• Notes: Under Rectus Femoris (layer deeper), uniarticular. Smallest quad muscle 

Vastus Medialis

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

• Origin: Linea aspera of femur

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patella

• Innervation: Femoral

• Action: Knee Extension

• Notes: uniarticular, VMO

Rectus Femoris

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

• Origin: Anterior Inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and superior rim of acetabulum

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patella

• Innervation: Femoral

• Action: Knee extension & Hip flexion (FABER)

• Notes: Biarticular / over vastus intermedius

[NAME]

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

Semitendinosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia below condyle

• Innervation: Sciatic (tibial division)

• Action: Knee flexion, medial rotation of tibia, & Hip extension & hyperextension

• Notes: medially located; one of three muscles that make up the pes anserinus

[NAME]

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

Semimembranosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

• Innervation: Sciatic (tibial division)

• Action: Knee flexion, Knee medial rotation of tibia, & hip extension

• Notes: medially oriented

[NAME]

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

Biceps Femoris

• Origin:

  • Long Head: Ischial tuberosity

    • Controls action of hip extension 

  • Short Head: linea aspera

• Insertion: Head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia

• Innervation: sciatic and common peroneal

• Action: Knee flexion, knee lateral rotation, and Hip extension (long head only)

• Notes: lateral muscle

[NAME]

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

Gastrocnemius

• Origin: posterior surface of femoral condyles above medial and lateral joint surfaces

• Insertion: calcaneus via achilles (calcanean) tendon

• Innervation: Tibial

• Action: Knee flexion & Ankle plantarflexion (pointing foot like ballerina) 

• Notes: 2 heads, medial head is more distal

[NAME]

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

Plantaris

• Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge

• Insertion: Calcaneus

• Innervation: Tibial

• Action: Knee flexion & Ankle plantarflexion

• Notes: Posterior to the gastrocnemius 

Popliteus

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

• Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

• Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft

• Innervation: Tibial

• Action: Laterally rotates Femur or medially rotates tibia

  • Think about what each end would do if pulling (like twisting a jar open by rotating lid and jar opposite directions) 

• Notes: This is the most posterior in the knee 

Sartorius

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) 

• Insertion: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity

• Innervation: Femoral

• Action: Knee flexion, knee medial rotation, hip flexion, hip lateral rotation of the femur

• Notes: One of three muscles that make up the pes anserinus

[NAME]

• Origin:

• Insertion:

• Innervation:

• Action:

• Notes:

Gracilis

• Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis (body of pubis)

• Insertion: Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle

• Innervation: Obturator

• Action: (FAdIr) Knee flexion, knee medial rotation of tibia, hip adduction, hip medial rotation

• Notes: One of three muscles that make up the pes anserinus

(pic is a medial view)

Popliteal Fossa

Vessels and nerves pass through the Popliteal Fossa

Cross Section view of proximal thigh

• Sartorius: Anterior

• Gracillis: Medial compartment

• BF(LH), ST, SM: Posterior

FASCIA OF THE THIGH - Intermuscular Septa (IMS)

• Medial IMS

  • Divides the ______ & ______ Compartments

• Lateral IMS

  • Divides the ______ & ______ Compartments

• Posterior IMS

  • Divides the ______ & ______ Compartments 

FASCIA OF THE THIGH - Intermuscular Septa (IMS) (thin walls of tissue) 

• Medial IMS: Divides the Anterior & Medial Compartments

• Lateral IMS: Divides the Anterior & Posterior Compartments

• Posterior IMS: Divides the Medial & Posterior Compartments 

Nerves in the thigh

Femur & Innominate

Flexors of the Knee

• Hamstring muscles

  • (3)

• ______________

• ______________

• ______________

• ______________

• ______________

Flexors of the Knee (posterior because it makes the knee bend) 

• Hamstring muscles

  • Semitendinosus

  • Semimembranosus

  • Biceps femoris

• Gastrocnemius

• Plantaris

• Popliteus

• Sartorius

• Gracilis

3 NERVES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY

• Femoral nerve: Anterior compartment

• Obturator nerve: Medial compartment

• Sciatic nerve: Posterior compartment

Anastemoses of the Knee

• If you’re not getting enough flow from a vessel for whatever reason, an anastomosis is bypassing that vessel and taking an alternate route through the knee

Course of Blood Vessels

Branches of the sciatic nerve

• Superficial peroneal

• Piriformis 

• Common Peroneal

• Deep peroneal

• Tibial

• Sciatic

• Medial plantar (foot)

• Lateral plantar (foot)

• Piriformis: Triangular muscle deep in the butt, just above the sciatic nerve 

• Common Peroneal (lateral compartment) (Peroneal = fibular)

  • Superficial peroneal (lateral compartment)

  • Deep peroneal (anterior compartment)

• Tibial (posterior compartment)

  • Medial plantar (foot)

  • Lateral plantar (foot)

Joints of the leg (Shank) and Foot

• 3 Bones: ________________

• Connective Point: ________________

Joints of the leg (Shank) and Foot

• 3 Bones: Tibia, Fibula, Talus (foot)

• Connective Point: Medial/lateral malleolus (The bottom of the tibia and the outer fibula reach down to create a socket around the top of the talus)

____________ support joints

Ligaments support joints

Tibiofibular Joints:

• Joint One: ____________

  • Movement type: ____________

  • 2 Ligamentous supports: ____________

• Joint Two: ____________

  • Movement type: ____________

  • Ligamentous supports: ____________

Tibiofibular Joints:

• Joint One: Proximal Tibiofibular

  • Movement type: Synovial, gliding

  • Ligamentous supports:

    • Anterior proximal tibiofibular ligament

    • Posterior proximal tibiofibular ligament

• Joint Two: Distal Tibiofibular

  • Movement type: Synovial, gliding

  • Ligamentous supports:

    • Anterior distal tibiofibular ligament

    • Posterior distal tibiofibular ligament

    • Interosseous (tibiofibular) ligament

2 of 3 Distal Tibiofibular Joint Ligamentous supports

Distal Tibiofibular Joint Ligamentous supports

• Anterior distal/inferior tibiofibular ligament

• Posterior distal/inferior tibiofibular ligament

• Interosseous (tibiofibular) ligament

• Anterior distal/inferior tibiofibular ligament

• Posterior distal/inferior tibiofibular ligament

• Interosseous (tibiofibular) ligament

Middle Tibiofibular Joint

• Cartilaginous, synovial, or fibrous joint: _____________

• Attachments: _____________

• Functions: _____________

Middle Tibiofibular Joint

• Cartilaginous, synovial, or fibrous joint: Fibrous

• Attachments: Connects the interosseous (“between bone”) borders of the tibia and fibula

• Functions: Separates the anterior compartment from the posterior compartment and serves as sites for muscular attachments

Ankle Joint

• Ankle Joint fancy name: _________

• Bones: _____________________

• Movement type: ___________ 

Ankle Joint

• Ankle Joint fancy name: Talocrural

• Bones: Tibia, fibula, talus (trochlear surface)

• Movement type: Synovial – Hinge Joint 

Ankle Joint Movements

• Sagittal Plane (two types):

  • _________________

  • _________________

• (#) degrees clinically is treated as zero (neutral position) 

Ankle Joint Movements

• Sagittal Plane (two types):

  • Dorsiflexion (DF): Anterior angle decreasing or less than 90 degrees

  • Plantarflexion (PF): Anterior angle increasing or greater than 90 degrees

• 90 degrees clinically is treated as zero (neutral position) 

• Intertarsal Joints (tarsal = _______________)

  • Joint Type: _____________

  • 7 Tarsal Bones:

    • Talus (trochlea)

    • Calcaneus

    • Navicular

    • Cuboid

    • Medial Cuneiform

    • Intermediate Cuneiform

    • Lateral Cuneiform

• Intertarsal Joints (tarsal = ankle and rear part of the foot)

  • Joint Type: Synovial – gliding

  • 7 Tarsal Bones:

    • Talus (trochlea)

    • Calcaneus

    • Navicular

    • Cuboid

    • Medial (#1) Cuneiform

    • Intermediate (#2) Cuneiform

    • Lateral (#3) Cuneiform

Intertarsal Movement

• ________ Plane (mostly)

• Two movement types:

  • Inversion: __________,__________,__________

  • Eversion: __________,__________,__________

Intertarsal Movement

• Frontal Plane (mostly)

• Two movement types:

  • Inversion: Supination (sole inward), Adduction, Varus

  • Eversion: Pronation, Abduction, Valgus

Intertarsal Joints

• Most Movement occurs at the:

  • ________ joint: (________ ligament)

  • ________ joint

• Known as: ________ motion

Intertarsal Joints

• Most Movement occurs at the:

  • Subtalar joint: (Talocalcaneo ligament)

  • Talonavicular joint

• Known as: Rearfoot motion

Inversion occurs with Plantarflexion (pointing foot down)

• The (medial/lateral malleolus) extends more inferior and posterior than the (medial/lateral malleolus). This forces the foot inward as it points downward.

• The axis of rotation for the intertarsal/subtalar joints is angled (acute/oblique). Plantarflexion automatically couples with inversion along this axis.

• In plantarflexion, the (medial/lateral ligaments) become taut, pulling and stabilizing the ankle into inversion.

Inversion occurs with Plantarflexion (pointing foot down)

• The lateral malleolus extends more inferior and posterior than the medial malleolus. This forces the foot inward as it points downward.

• The axis of rotation for the intertarsal/subtalar joints is angled (oblique). Plantarflexion automatically couples with inversion along this axis.

• In plantarflexion, the lateral ligaments become taut, pulling and stabilizing the ankle into inversion.

Category: Major Lateral Ankle and Intertarsal Ligaments

• Anterior talofibular (connects ____ & ____)

• Calcaneofibular (connects ____ & ____)

• Posterior talofibular (connects ____ & ____)

Prevents: ___________________

Category: Major Lateral Ankle and Intertarsal Ligaments

• Anterior talofibular (connects talus & fibula) 

• Calcaneofibular (connects calcaneus & fibula) 

• Posterior talofibular (connects talus & fibula)

Prevents: Excessive Inversion

Category: __________________________

Category: Major Medial Ankle Ligaments

Category: __________________

• Type of Joint: ______________

• Bones Involved: ____________________

• Movement: _______________________

• Function: ______________________

Category: Tarsometatarsal Joints

• Type of Joint: Synovial, gliding

• Bones Involved: Cuneiforms (three wedge-shaped bones) and the cuboid bone connect with the bases of the metatarsals (the long bones of the foot).

• Movement: No named movement (no flexing or extending, only slight shifting)

• Function: Tight joint capsules and strong ligaments designed to stabilize the foot and hold the arch position

Category: ______________________

• Joint Type: ______________________

• Movements:

  • Sagittal: ______________________

  • Transverse: ______________________

Category: Metatarsophalangeal (MP) Joints

• Joint Type: Synovial – condyloid

• Movements:

  • Sagittal: Flexion, extension, hyperextension

  • Transverse: Abduction, Adduction

Category: Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

• Joint Type: ___________________________

• Movements:

  • Sagittal: ___________________________

• LABEL:

  • PIP = Proximal IP joints

  • DIP = Distal IP joints

Category: Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

• Joint Type: Synovial, condyloid (but function as hinge joint due to tight lateral ligaments)

• Movements:

  • Sagittal: Flexion, extension, hyperextension

The Three Foot Arches

• Medial Longitudinal

• Lateral Longitudinal

• Transverse

Functional Segments of Foot (3)

• Rearfoot

• Midfoot

• Forefoot: Metatarsals & phallanges 

Frontal Plane Analysis

• Medial longitudinal arch bones:

• (Flexible/Inflexible)

• Medial longitudinal arch bones

  • Calcaneus

  • Talus

  • Navicular

  • Cuneiforms

  • 1st three metatarsals

• Flexible

• Transverse arch in mid-foot bones:

• Transverse arch in forefoot bones:

• Transverse arch in mid-foot bones

  • Cuboid

  • Cuneiforms

  • Metatarsals (Base)

• Transverse arch in forefoot bones

  • Metatarsals (Head)

Ligaments that support the arches

• Plantar aponeurosis

• Long Plantar- lateral 

• Spring- medial 

  • Bony attachment site: Sustentaculum Tali & Navicular

Lower leg

Lower leg

• Anterior

  • Attaches to ___________________

  • Separates ________ from ________ compartments

• Posterior

  • Attaches to ___________________

  • Separates the ________ from the ________ compartments

• Deep transverse fascia

  • Extends from the ___________ to the ______________

• Deep transverse fascia

  • Extends from the medial tibial border to the posterior fibular border

Deep transverse fascia

Deep transverse fascia

–Extends from the medial tibial border to the posterior fibular border

Myology: ______________

• (#) compartments in the leg that each have an associated nerve: ________________

Myology: Study of Muscles

• Three Compartments in the leg that each have an associated nerve:

  • Anterior: Deep Peroneal

  • Lateral: Superficial Peroneal

  • Posterior: Tibial

5 Nerves in the Leg

•Sciatic n.

•Common peroneal n.

•Tibial nerve n.

•Deep peroneal n.

•Superficial peroneal nerve

Muscles, common innervation, and common action in the Posterior Superficial & Posterior Deep Compartments

Superficial: (S = Space)

• Gastrocnemius

• Plantaris

• Soleus

Deep: Pop TDH

• Popliteus

• Posterior Tibialis

• Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Flexor Hallucis Longus

Common Innervation: Tibial

Common Action: Ankle plantarflexion

Muscles, common nerve, and common action in the Lateral & Anterior Leg Compartments

Anterior

• Anterior Tibialis

• Extensor Hallucis Longus

• Extensor Digitorum Longus

• Peroneus Tertius*

Common Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve

Common Action: Ankle dorsiflexion

Lateral (peroneus means lateral)

• Peroneus Longus

• Peroneus Brevis

Common Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve

Common Action: Eversion

Gastrocnemius: Origin, insertion, innervation, action

•Origin: posterior surface of femoral condyles

•Insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon

•Innervation: tibial

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion (pointing foot like ballerina), knee flexion.

•Notes: 2 heads, medial head is more distal

Plantaris (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

•Insertion: calcaneus

•Innervation: tibial

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion, Knee flexion

•Notes: Posterior to the gastrocnemius 

Soleus (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Head and proximal fibula & posterior tibia

•Insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon

•Innervation: tibial

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion

Posterior Tibialis (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Interosseus membrane and tibial and fibular shafts

•Insertion: Tarsals and metatarsals (navicular)

•Innervation: tibial

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion, Inversion (supination)

•Notes:  Deep muscle

Flexor Digitorum Longus (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Posteromedial surface of tibia

•Insertion: Inferior surfaces of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

•Innervation: tibial

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion, Intertarsal inversion, MP & IP flexion for toes 2-5

Flexor Hallucis Longus (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Posterior surface of fibula

•Insertion: Inferior surface of distal phalanx of # 1.

•Innervation: tibial

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion, Intertarsal inversion, MP & IP flexion of #1.

[NAME]

• Origin

• Insertion

• Innervation

• Action

Peroneus Longus

•Origin: lateral proximal surface of fibula & tibial condyle

•Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform***

•Innervation: superficial peroneal

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion, eversion

[NAME] (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

Peroneus Brevis

•Origin: Lateral mid shaft of fibula

•Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal

•Innervation: superficial peroneal

•Action: Ankle plantarflexion, Eversion

(Underneath peroneus longus)

Tibialis Anterior (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Lateral condyle and shaft of tibia

•Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

•Innervation: Deep peroneal

•Action: Ankle dorsiflexion, intertarsal inversion

Notes: Feel the tendon

[NAME] (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

Peroneus Tertius

•Origin: Distal anterior shaft of fibula

•Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal

•Innervation: Deep Peroneal

•Action: Ankle dorsiflexion, Intertarsal eversion

•Notes: Part of EDL muscle, separate tendon

Extensor Digitorum Longus (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula

•Insertion: superior surfaces of phalanges 2-5

•Innervation: deep peroneal

•Action: Ankle dorsiflexion, extension of MP & IP joints. Toes 2-5

Centered over ankle joint at crossing point = no inversion/eversion (Digitorum = toes 2-5)

Extensor Hallucis Longus (Origin, insertion, innervation, action)

•Origin: Anterior surface of fibula

•Insertion: Superior surface of distal phalanx of #1

•Innervation: deep peroneal

•Action: Ankle dorsiflexion, intertarsal inversion, MP & IP extension of # 1.

Name for Supporting CT of leg:

Retinaculum

Extensor Inferior Retinaculum (Attachments & Holds)

• Attachments

–Stem (lat. Part) attaches to the upper surface of the calcaneous

–Prox. Band – reaches the medial malleolus

–Distal band – extends inferomedially to the plantar aponeurosis

• Holds: TA, EHL, EDL, PT

(Extensor = holds down muscles that extends)

Extensor Superior Retinaculum (Attachments & Holds)

•Attachments

–Laterally to the distal anterior border of the fibula

–Medially to the distal anterior border of the tibia

• Holds: TA, EHL, EDL, PT

(Extensor = holds down muscles that extends)

[NAME] (attachments & holds)

Flexor Retinaculum

• Attachments

  • Anteriorly to the tip of the medial malleolus

  • Continues posteriorly to the medial calcaneal process and plantar aponeurosis

• Holds: TP, FDL, & FHL

Superior Peroneal Retinaculum (attachments & holds)

•Attachments

–Back of the lateral malleolus

–To lateral calcaneal surface

•Holds: PL, PB

Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum (attachments & holds)

•Attachments

–Continues anteriorly with the inferior extensor retinaculum

–To lateral calcaneal surface

•Holds: PL, PB

Foot Muscle Layer 1 Identifications & Actions

Flexor Digitorum Brevis: middle and proximal phalanges of the lateral four toes

Abductor Hallucis: Abducts #1

Abductor Digiti Minimi: Abducts #5

Foot Muscle Layer 2 Identifications & Actions

• Quadratus Plantae: MP & IP flexion of 2-5

• Lumbricals: MP flexion, IP extension

• Tendons of FDL / Tendon of FHL (tubes on the medial side of foot- FDL on top)

Foot Muscle Layer 3 Identifications & Actions

• Flexor Hallucis Brevis: 1st MP and IP flexion

• Adductor Hallucis (Transverse and Oblique Heads): Adduct # 1

• Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: MP # 5 flexion

Foot Muscle Layer 4 Identifications & Actions

• Plantar Interossei: Adduct toes - PAD (3 of them)

• Dorsal Interossei: Abducts toes - DAB (4 of them)

2 Muscles on dorsal aspect of foot (identification & action)

• Extensor Digitorum Brevis: MP 2-5 extension & hyperextension

• Extensor Hallucis Brevis: MP # 1 extension & Hyperextension

Tibial N. divides into ________ and ________ Nerves in the foot

Tibial N. divides into Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerves in the foot

Anterior Tibial Artery turns into the ___________ once it crosses the ankle joint

Anterior Tibial Artery turns into the Dorsalis Pedis once it crosses the ankle joint

Posterior Tibial Artery splits into the ____________ and ____________

Posterior Tibial Artery splits into the Medial Plantar A. and Lateral Plantar A.

Fancy name for The Hip Joint:

Fancy name for The Hip Joint: COXA

FEMUR (_________)

•Head of Femur

•Greater Trochanter

•Lesser Trochanter

•Intertrochanteric line

FEMUR (Ball in COXA)

•Head of Femur

•Greater Trochanter

•Lesser Trochanter

•Intertrochanteric line

Ilium

  Iliac crest
  Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
  Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Acetabulum (socket)

  Lunate surface
  Acetabular fossa
  Acetabular notch

Ilium

  Iliac crest
  Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
  Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Acetabulum (socket)

  Lunate surface
  Acetabular fossa
  Acetabular notch

INNOMINATE BONE vs Pelvis

Left innominate bone + right innominate bone = 1 pelvis

Ischium

Body

Ischial tuberosity

Ischial ramus (superior and inferior)

Pubis

Body
Ramus (superior and inferior)

CLASSIFICATION OF HIP JOINT

• Joint type:

• (One axis/Multiaxial)

• (Simple/Complex)

• (Stable/Unstable)

CLASSIFICATION OF HIP JOINT

• Joint type: Synovial / Ball and Socket

• Multiaxial

• Complex

• Stable

Hip Joint Motion: (Femur/pelvis) moving and (femur/pelvis) stationary

Sagittal Plane:

   Flexion: _____________
   Extension: _____________
   Hyperextension: _____________

Frontal Plane:

   Abduction: _____________
   Adduction: _____________

Hip Joint Motion: Femur moving and pelvis stationary

Sagittal Plane:

   Flexion: kick leg up
   Extension: bring leg back to ana. pos.
   Hyperextension: kick backwards past AP

Frontal Plane:

   Abduction: kick leg out
   Adduction: bring leg in

Hip Joint Motion: (Femur/pelvis) moving and (femur/pelvis) stationary

Transverse Plane:

   External rotation: _____________
   Internal rotation: _____________
   Horizontal abduction: _____________
   Horizontal adduction: _____________

Circumduction: _____________

Hip Joint Motion: Femur moving and pelvis stationary

Transverse Plane:

   External rotation: rotate out (lateral)
   Internal rotation: rotate in (medial)
   Horizontal abduction: hip flexed + abduction
   Horizontal adduction: hip flexed + adduction

Circumduction: circling leg

ANGLE OF INCLINATION (COXA)

• Angle of inclination for: Normal, Coxa Valga, and Coxa Vera

COXA VALGA

COXA VARA

HIP JOINT LIGAMENTS: Each ligament is a regional ________ of the ________

List them: ______________________

HIP JOINT LIGAMENTS: Each ligament is a regional thickening of the capsule

List them:

•Iliofemoral

•Ishiofemoral

•Pubofemoral

•Transverse acetabular

•Ligamentum teres

[NAME]

• Proximal Attachment:

• Distal Attachment:

• Extrinsic or capsular:

• Function:

ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

•PA: Below AIIS, Ilial rim of acetabulum

•DA: Intertrochanteric Line

•Extrinsic

•FUNCTION:

•Checks Hip hyperEXT

•Checks Hip ABD

(stopping hip from pulling away)

[NAME]

• Proximal Attachment:

• Distal Attachment:

• Extrinsic or capsular:

• Function:

PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

•PA: Pubic rim of acetabulum

•DA: Blends with Iliofemoral Ligament at intertrochanteric line

•Capsular

•FUNCTION: Checks Hip hyperEXT and ABD

[NAME]

• Proximal Attachment:

• Distal Attachment:

• Extrinsic or capsular:

• Function:

ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

•PA: Ischial rim of acetabulum

•DA: Intertrochanteric crest and medial surface of GT

•Capsular

•FUNCTION: Oblique Fibers check hip hyperEXT and Int. Rot.

[NAME]

• Attachments:

• Extrinsic or capsular:

• Function:

TRANSVERSE ACETABULAR  LIGAMENT

•Attaches adjacent inferior ends of the acetabular notch

•Extrinsic

•FUNCTION:

• Completes round articular surface

• Protects neurovascular supply of the head of the femur

[NAME]

• Proximal Attachment:

• Distal Attachment:

• Function:

LIGAMENTUM TERES

• PA: Around margins of acetabular notch

• DA: Fovea capitis of femur (indentation on the head of the femur)

• Function: Limits distraction (pulling leg out) and adduction + serves as a pipe

[NAME]

•Origin:

•Insertion:

•Innervation:

•Action:

Iliacus - PART of the Iliopsoas muscle

•Origin: Iliac fossa of ilium

•Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

•Innervation: Femoral

•Action: Hip flexion, lateral rotation of femur

[NAME]

•Origin:

•Insertion:

•Innervation:

•Action:

Psoas Major - PART of the Iliopsoas muscle

•Origin: Anterior surface & transverse processes of T12-L5

•Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

•Innervation: Lumbar plexus L2-L3

•Action: Hip flexion, lateral rotation of femur.