Lab Quiz cardiovascular

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

blood

fuid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; composed of plasma and formed elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets)

blood vessels

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body, including arteries, veins, and capillaries

capillaries

microscopic blood vessels; materials are passed between blood and tissues through capillary walls

heart

muscular, cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breastbone) and between the lungs; pumping action circulates blood throughout the body

plasma

clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended; composed of approximately 90% water and is about 55% of total blood volume

veins

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

spleen

ymphatic organ located in the upper left abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; filters blood and acts as a blood reservoir

thymus

lymphatic organ with two lobes located behind the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty

aden/o

gland(s); (nodes when combined with lymph/o)

angi/o

blood vessel(s)

arteri/o

artery, arteries

cardi/o

heart

ech/o

sound

electr/o

electrical activity

-ac

pertaining to

lymph/o

lymph, lymphatic tissue

phleb/o

veins

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

blood clot

ven/o

veins

-penia

abnormal reduction (in number)

-sclerosis

hardening

cyt/o

cell(s)

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

my/o

muscle

path/o

disease

-a, -e, -y

no meaning

al, -ous

pertaining to

-gram

record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

ia

diseased state, condition of

lysis

dissolution, separating

-megaly

enlargement

-osis

abnormal condition

-plasty

surgical repair

-pnea

breathing

-stasis

control, stop

-tomy

cut into, incision

angiography

radiographic imaging of the blood vessels

angioplasty

surgical repair of the blood vessels

arterial

pertaining to the arteries

arteriogram

radiographic image of the arteries (after an injection of contrast media)

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

bradycardia

slow heart rate

cardiac

pertaining to the heart

cardiologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart

cardiology

study of the heart

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

echocardiogram (ECHO)

record of the heart using sound

electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

record of electrical activity of the heart

electrocardiograph

instrument used to record electrical activity of the heart

electrocardiography

process of recording electrical activity of the heart

endarterectomy

excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall)

myocardial

pertaining to the muscle of the heart

tachycardia

rapid heart rate

tachypnea

rapid breathing

hematologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood

hematology

study of blood

hemolysis

dissolution of (red) blood (cells)

hematoma

tumor of blood (collection of blood that has leaked out of a broken vessel into the surrounding tissue)

hemostasis

stopping (the flow of) blood

intravenous (IV)

pertaining to within the veins

leukcytopenia

abnormal reduction of white (blood) cells

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphadenopathy

disease of the lymph nodes

lymphoma

tumor of the lymphatic tissue

phlebitis

inflammation of the veins

phlebotomy

incision into the vein (with a needle to remove blood or instill fluid); (also called venipuncture)

splenectomy

excision of the spleen

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

thrombocyte

blood clotting cell (also called platelet)

thrombocytopenia

abnormal reduction in number of blood clotting cells

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of the veins associated with blood clots

thrombosis

abnormal condition of a blood clot

venogram

radiographic image of the veins (after an injection of contrast media)

anemia

condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes (RBCs). Anemia may be caused by blood loss, by decreased production of RBCs, or by increased destruction of RBCs.

aneurysm

condition in which there is a ballooning of a weakened portion of the arterial wall (F

blood pressure

pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls; a blood pressure measurement written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure (80) is commonly recorded as 120/80 mm Hg

cardiac catheterization

diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart from a blood vessel in the groin or arm to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac compressions

complete blood count (CBC)

laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets); this automated test quickly provides a tremendous amount of information about the blood

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) by detouring around blocked arteries

coronary artery disease (CAD)

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle (myocardium) that may progress to depriving the heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally

embolus

blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation

heart failure

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (also called congestive heart failure [CHF])

hemorrhage

excessive flow of blood (bleeding internally or externally)

hypertension (HTN)

blood pressure that is above normal (generally greater than 130/80 mm Hg in adults)

hypotension

blood pressure that is below normal (generally less than 90/60 mm Hg in adults)

leukemia

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow

myocardial infarction

death (necrosis) of a portion of the heart muscle caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called heart attack)

pulse (P)

contraction of the heart, which can be felt with a fingertip. The pulse is most commonly felt over the radial artery (in the wrist); however, the pulsations can be felt over a number of sites, including the femoral (groin) and carotid (neck) arteries.

sphygmomanometer

device used for measuring blood pressure

varicose veins

condition demonstrated by distended or tortuous veins; usually found in the lower extremities

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CAD

coronary artery disease

CBC

complete blood count

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

DSA

digital subtraction angiography