Foundation 7: Behavior

What are the abnormalities of the LMN that can cause lower motor neuron signs

Atrophy

Fasciculations

Hypotonia

Hyporeflexia

What do mechanoreceptors detect?

Pressure changes

What do meisner corpuscles detect?

Light touch and stretch

What do merkel cells detect?

Pressure and fine details

What do ruffini endings detect?

Deep stretch

What do pacinian corpuscles detect?

Vibration

What are the upper motor neuron signs

Hyperreflexia

Clonus

Hypertonia

Extensor Plantar Response

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Motor cortex (body movements), prefrontal cortex (executive function), broca’s area (speech production)

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Somatosensory cortex (touch/pressure/pain), spatial manipulation

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Sound and wernicke’s area

What is the dominanet hemisphere of teh brain for most people?

Left

What is the basal ganglia function?

Major role in motor functions

What are CAT scans?

X-rays to create an image of the brain

What are MRIs?

uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed 3D images of brain structures

What are EEGs

a non-invasive tool that records electrical activity in the cerebral cortex via scalp electrodes

What are MEGs

a non-invasive, painless neuroimaging technique that maps brain activity by measuring the tiny magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in the brain

What are fMRIs

a non-invasive neuroimaging technique used in psychology and neuroscience to measure and map brain activity

What are PET scans

a functional nuclear medicine imaging test that maps chemical and metabolic activity inside the living brain rather than just showing physical structure

Temperament

Broader than personality. It’s their characteristic emotional reactivity, intensity, shyness and sociability. Persistent with age

Epigenetics

Changes in gene expression that occur without changing the underlying DNA sequence

Example: Adding methyl groups to DNA can silence a gene without changing its nucleotide sequence.

Drive Reduction Theory

The idea that people are motivated to reduce internal physiological needs or discomfort to maintain homeostasis

What is the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of need (bottom to top)

Physiological, safety, love, self-esteen, self-actualization

What is the theory of planned behavior

We consider our implications of our actions before we decide on how to behave

Prototype Willingness Model

A model explaining that adolescent risk-taking behavior is influenced by both deliberate intentions and willingness to engage in a behavior in a particular social situation.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Says personality is shaped by childhood experiences, person’s unconscious thoughts/desires, feelings, and past memories

Behaviorist theory

Personality si the result of learned behavior patters based on a person’s environment

Gordon Allport theory

Says that there are 3 basic categories for traits: Cardinal, Central, and Secondary

Cardinal traits

Cgaracteristics that direct most of person’s activities - the dominant trait

Central trait

Less dominant that cardinal traits

Secondary trait

Preferences or attitudes

What are Hans Eysenck 3 dimentiosn of personality?

Psychoticism, Extroversion, and Neuroticism

What is the pathological defense mechanism

Denial

What are the immature defence mechanisms

Projection and Passive Aggression

What are the neurotic defence mechanisms

Intellectualization, Rationalization, Regression, Repression, Displacement, Reaction formation

intellectualization

Take intellectual aspects and detaching them from the emotional aspects of the situation

Rationalization

Making yourself believe you were not on fault - avoid blame

Regression

Acting like a baby in some scenarios

Reaction formation

Unconscious feelings that make a person complete the opposite

Example: A person who hates immigrants might start to volunteer at immigrant shelter

What are the neurotic defense mechanisms

Intellectualization, rationalization, regression, repression, displacement, reaction formation

What are the mature defense mechanisms

Humor, sublimation, suppression, altruism

What is the difference between suppression and repression

Repression deals with pushing down unconscious thoughts

Suppression deals with pushing conscious thoughts to the unconscious but can be accessed later

Somatic sysmtpom disoder

Mental disorder manifesting in physical symptoms

Conversion disorders

A condition in which psychological stress causes neurological symptoms, such as weakness, paralysis, or loss of sensation, that are not consistent with a recognized neurological disease.

Theory of Differential Association

States that deviance is a learned behavior that results from continuous exposure to others who violate norms and laws

Labeling theory

A behavior is deviant if people have judged the behavior and labelled it as deviant

Strain theory

If person is blocked from attaining a culturally accepted goal, they may become frustrated and turn to deviance

Aversive conditioning

Learning to avoid a behavior by associating it with an unpleasant stimulus or consequence.

Counterconditioning

Replacing an unwanted response to a stimulus with a new, more desirable response by pairing it with a different stimulus or experience.