EDHD411 Second Half of Semester

How do people define intelligence?

Learning from experience, adapting to new situations, handling abstract concepts, and using knowledge to act on the environment

What is Stenberg’s definition of intelligence?

He has a Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, including analytical, creative, and practical intelligence

What is Spearman’s g?

It stands for general intelligence, and believes different abilities tend to correlate, suggesting a shared underlying factor for intelligence

What is the multiple abilities intelligence belief?

Separate abilities can imply intelligence, but being strong in one area of intelligence does not imply being strong in another

What are Spearman g’s four aspects of intelligence?

Mechanical, spatial, numerical, and verbal

What is Fluid Intelligence?

Being able to solve novel problems with little prior training, and is measured by how well and how quickly the problem is solved

What is Crystallized Intelligence?

Being able to draw on knowledge already acquired to solve problems, and is learned both inside and outside of school

What is the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory?

Is intelligence fixed or changeable?

There are arguments for both, one being the IQ test (Stanford-Binet intelligence scale) which is fixed, whereas Alfred Binet believes it can be changed

What is a standardized assessment?

Test —> score. Compares children to same-age norms, establishing validity, reliability, and norms. Shows strengths and weaknesses

What is a dynamic assessment?

Test —> teach —> retest. This measures the child’s potential to learn, with graduated hints until the child reaches an answer. It supplements but does not replace, and school evidence is still limited

What type of intelligence does Gardner believe in?

Multiple intelligences

What type of intelligence does Sternberg believe in?

Adaptive intelligence

How is intelligence identified as a trait?

It is located inside the individual, measured by a test, and explains differences in achievement

How is intelligence defined as a status schools asign?

It is produced through tracking, labels and praise. It brings access to resources and opportunities, and is distributed unequally by race, class, and dis/ability

How does creativity influence academic achievement?

Creativity relies on divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility, anticipating outcomes, and abstract thinking

How does self-control influence academic achievement?

If students choose a long-term goal over a more immediate reward it can lead to a more positive outcome for the student

Can you teach a growth mindset?

It’s heavily debated, some argue it only works for some students while others say it doesn’t work for anyone

What did Karl Groos study with play?

He studied play across multiple groups, looking at games with rules, rough and tumble play, and dramatic play. He argues that young play allows people to practice how they will be as adults

How does Piaget view play?

He believes that play changes as thinking changes. There is practice (sensorimotor), constructive (early childhood), symbolic/sociodramatic (preoperational), and games with rules (concreate operational)

How does Vygotsky view play?

‘In play, a child is always above his average age, above his

daily behaviour, in play, it’s as though he were a head taller

than himself.’

How does Mildred Parten view social play?

Unoccupied, onlooker, solitary independent, parallel, associative, cooperative

How do you structure playful learning?

Active and “minds-on”, meaningful and joyful, iterative and experimental, and socially interactive

What are the types of play?

Free play/self-directed, with teacher guidance/guided play, and structured games

How can we prepare a physical space for play?

Well-defined areas, partly enclosed by low

shelves, had the most engagement,

exploration, and peer interaction

What areas of development do different play materials support?

Cognitive, language, social, and physical

What do Montessori schools do?

Founded by Maria Montessori.

Italian scientist, grounded in

cognitive-constructivist

theory.

Emphasizes observation of

children learning, teachers

intervene the environment

according to what they

observe.

What do Reggio Emilia schools do?

Founded by Loris Malaguzzi after

the WWII, aiming to instill

democratic values in education.

Focuses on cooperation

between children, learning

socialization skills, creating links

with their communities through

art and exploration of the

environment.

The teacher listens to the group

and make decisions as a group.