rise of GK + army war + 1st + 2nd + 3r

Gekhis Khan +

• formed strong alliances w seceral Mong clans

• devleoped reputation as fierce warrior + influential leader

• Qualities of bravery + intelligence - ambitious discipline + brilliant strategist

• appointed as tribal cheif

• 1206 power + leadership fully recognised - elected as great khan

Genkhis khan how people percieve him

• percived as ruthles + ferocious - eg used prisoners as bridge to cross a river In opposi Gk = humble - bc he sees him self equal to men - see himself no different and above or entitled do anything special

Army

Mighty army consisting of Mong tribes - from all over the empire

• had swift footed horses carry Mong with incred speed over vast distance

• Calavry combined milit skill w toughness + dicipline

• believed winter = best opportunity for war + used frozen rivers + lakes as highways 4 horses travel quickly across

Soldeirs

carried lance w hook - pull enemies off horse

• curved swords + dagger

• 2 bows

• shielf + helmet + armour

war technique

• M battle tactics + technology = unamtched

GK frequently used psycological warfare + tries to confuse their enemy. All campaign = preceded by scouting parties - use flag + signal fire keep army informed of enemy movement

• send men ahead of his army to spread rumors - how large + formidable his army ws

also have effective yam system→allow msg travel quickly

gave M considerable advantage

first wave

Under Genkhis KHan rule

• Began major mMongo conquest → target = North china

attacked north chins in 1211

After conquering china → expanded west into central asia

strong cavalry + military tactics

GK died following fall froim his horse

• divided his emp among his sons

2nd wave

Under Ogedai kHAN rule

• continued expansion after GK died → They had strong + prepared army

• invaded russia + advanced into eastern Europe

Eventually pulled back after Og died

3rd wave

MOngke

• set his sights on furhter conquest + continued mongol expansion

• conquered bagdhad → decimated the city + proceeded into syria + palestine

• pulled bk after MOng died

REAL DEAL NOW KUBLAI KHAN

• mainted ties w other khanates to acheive measure of secuity across asia

• deep fascination w chinese civilisat

• -time of peace knwn as Pa mongolica

• - expanded holding in china defeating southern china → defeated sung empire+ established yuan dynasty

• united china

KUBLAI

leaddership contributed to devleopment + sucess of his emp

• influenced by chiense thinking + philosophy inc confusionasm→ applied idea to his leadrship→encourage him b more merciful + lessfocused mass killing than traditional Mong approach

• supported doctors+ artisans- giving large tax breaks, showing - valued their skills + contributions

• Kublai improved the calendar, established medicine and issued paper money, → improved life + organisation

Kublai

Hiearchy

1. mongol

2. 2. non chinse allies + solders

3. northern chinese

4. southern china

chinese = treated as inferior + low social hiearchy while foireigners + mognols top of hiearchy. C = felt mognol insensitive to chineseculture + mongols + foreingers granted speical privellages eg mjor gobernment position + no tax

Chiense faced raciasl discrimination + heavy taxation+ limited opportunities