Anatomy 6511 Blood, Bone Marrow, and Hematopoiesis 낱말 카드

Cells in plasma

What allows blood to function as a connective tissue?

Transport of O2, nutrients, waste, and hormones;

Maintain homeostasis by acting as a buffer

What are the major functions of blood?

Water, proteins, other substances

What are the major components of plasma?

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes

What are the main cells in blood?

Platelets and leukocytes

What makes up the buffy coat?

Platelet

What is labeled 1?

White blood cell

What is labeled 2?

Red blood cell

What is labeled 3?

Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen

What proteins are found in plasma?

Albumin

What is the most abundant plasma protein (makes up about half)?

Liver

Where is albumin made?

Osmotic pressure

What does albumin help maintain?

Carrier protein

What does albumin act as for substances like hormones, metabolites, and drugs?

Immunoglobulins and nonimmune globulins

What are the two types of globulins?

Antibodies secreted by plasma cells

What are immunoglobulins?

Liver

What are non-immune globulins produced by?

Maintain osmotic pressure and act as a carrier protein (like albumin)

What are the functions of non-immune globulins?

Liver

Where is fibrinogen made?

Soluble; insoluble

Fibronigen is (soluble/insoluble) and when transformed into protein fibrin it is (soluble/insoluble).

Blood clots

What does insoluble protein fibrin help form?

Decrease (less clotting)

Do blood thinners increase or decrease amount of platelets in blood?

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

What stem cell gives rise to common myeloid and lymphoid progenitors?

Bone marrow

Where do common myeloid and lymphoid progenitors differenciate?

Megakaryocyte/erythrocyte and granulocyte/monocyte

What do common myeloid progenitors give rise to?

B cells, T cells, and NK cells

What do common lymphoid progenitors give rise to?

High

Do cells of the blood have a low or high turnover rate?

Yolk sac, liver, bone marrow

What are the sites (in order) of hematopoiesis throughout development?

Limbs (tibia/femur)

At what parts of the body is hematopoiesis highest during childhood?

Axial skeleton (vertebrae, sternum, ribs)

At what parts of the body is hematopoiesis highest during adulthood?

Hematopoiesis

What term describes the process of blood cell production and maturation?

Maintain constant levels of different blood cell types within blood

What is the function of hematopoiesis?

Erythropoiesis, Leukopoiesis, Thrombopoiesis

What are the types of hematopoiesis?

O2; CO2

Erythrocytes function by transporting ______ to cells and removing ______ from cells.

Red blood cells (RBCs)

What are erythrocytes also known as?

Erythrocytes

What is the most numerous blood cell?

120

About how many days do erythrocytes last?

2 million

About how many erythrocytes are produced per second?

Histological ruler

What are erythrocytes considered because of their similar size and shape to one another?

Platelet

What cell type is labeled 1?

Erythrocyte (RBC)

What cell type is labeled 2?

Biconcave disc

What is the morphology of erythrocytes?

Flexibility

What does the biconcave disc morphology of erythrocytes allow for?

Cytoskeleton

What is the shape of erythrocytes supported by?

Nucleus

What organelle do erythrocytes lack?

Hemoglobin and iron bound proteins

What is found in erythrocytes?

Erythrocyte (RBCs)

What cell type is being pointed out here?

Protein that binds, transports, and releases O2 and CO2

What is the function of hemoglobin?

4 polypeptide chains of globin

What is the structure of hemoglobin?

4

Hemoglobin has ___ heme proteins so that ___ O2 molecules can bind.

Sickle cell anemia

What is an inherited erythrocyte disorder that causes blood cells to be C or sickle shaped?

High; sticky or get stuck

Sickle cell anemia has ______ cellular turnover and due to size are also _______.

Sickle cell anemia (c or sickle shaped cells)

What disease is present here?

Reticulocytes

What are immature erythrocytes called?

Remnant organelles

What is obvious in reticulocytes on an image that is not see in erythrocytes?

1-2

On a blood smear, retinaculocytes make up about ____% of all erythrocytes.

Reticulocytes

Are reticulocytes or erythrocytes darker on an image?

Anemic

Higher concentrations of reticulocytes might be seen if a patient is what?

Reticulocytes

What cell type are the arrows pointing to?

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

What types of leukocytes are considered granulocytes?

Lymphocytes (T, B, NK cells) and Monocytes

What types of leukocytes are considered agranulocytes?

All

Which leukocytes are nucleated?

Phagocytosis ("first responders"),

Tissue degradation,

Attract other leukocytes to site of injury/infection

What are the functions of neutrophils?

Neutrophil

What is the most numerous white blood cell?

Granulocytes

Are neutrophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?

Multilobed

Neutrophils have a ______ nucleus.

Glycogen

What are neutrophils rich in?

Granular

Are eosinophils granular or agranular?

Bi-lobed

What is the morphology of an eosinophil nucleus?

Asthma

A high proportion of eosinophils in lung tissues is indicative of what illness?

Parasitic infection

What do eosinophils defend against?

Histamines

What do eosinophils release during an allergic reaction?

Chronic

Are eosinophils responsible for acute or chronic inflammation?

Granular

Are basophils granular or agranular?

Basophilic granules

The nucleus in basophils is hard to see due to the presence of what?

Parasites

What do basophils mediate response to?

Histamines

What do basophils release?

Large circular nucleus with pale blue ring of cytoplasm

How do lymphocytes appear on an image?

Bloodstream

What can lymphocytes leave and reenter?

Respond to antigens, make antibodies and cell-cell activity

What are the main functions of lymphocytes?

A vaccine

Lymphocytes are active when you get ________.

T and B cells

Which lymphocytes are adaptive immune cells?

NK cells

Which lymphocytes are innate immune cells?

Thymus

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

Cell-mediated immunity

Do T cells have cell-mediated or humoral immunity?

Bone marrow

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

Humoral

Do B cells have cell-mediated or humoral immunity?

Produce antibodies

What is the function of B cells?

Virally infected cells

What cells do natural killer cells kill?

Cancer

What do natural killer cells defend against?

Monocytes

Which leukocyte differentiates into macrophages?

Monocytes

What is the largest white blood cell?

Indented

What is the morphology of a monocytes nucleus?

Phagocytosis and form macrophages

What is the function of monocytes?

Cytoplasmic fragments that aid in blood clotting

What are platelets?

Megakaryocytes

What cells do platelets originate from?

Fibrin (present between platelets)

What protein is involved in forming clots?

Platelets

What cell type is shown?

Platelets

What cell type is shown?

Hemostasis/Clot formation

What is the function of platelets?

Form plug

What is the function of primary aggregation in clot formation?