Anatomy of the Liver and Gallbladder (RADS 320)

What is the largest solid organ on the body?

Liver

-3-4 lb

Location of liver

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Liver

very vascular organ and easily ruptured or lacerated

-posses the capacity to regenerate

The right and left lobes of the liver are divided by the...

falciform ligament

lobes of liver

2 major (right, left) & 2 minor (quadrate, caudate)

quadrate lobe of liver

the inferior surface of the right lobe on medial side

caudate lobe of liver

on the posterior surface of the right lobe on medial side

Sinusoids

a mass of hepatic cells and blood capillaries and capillary like channels on each lobe of liver

Hilus of liver

depression or recess at exit or entracnce for nerves and vessles into an organ

porta hepatis of liver

the hilum of the liver; a slit on inferior surface of the right lobe

-gate of liver

The porta hepatis transmits the:

hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic ducts

Hepatic vein

conveys the blood from the liver sinusoids to the inferior vena cava

Portal Vein consists of veins arising from...

the walls of the stomach, the greater portion of the intestinal tract and gallbladder, the pancreas and spleen

Function of the liver

to produce bile (1-3 pints per day)

Bile

a channel of elimination for waste products of RBC destruction

Purpose of Bile

aid in digestion of fats by breaking down or emulsifying fat globules and absorb fat following their digestion

Bile is collected from the liver cell by...

ducts and carried to the gallbladder for temporary storage and poured directly into the duodenum through the common bile ducts

Bile Ducts

together with the gallbladder functions as the excretory system of the liver

The two hepatic ducts merge at the porta hepatis and form the...

common hepatic duct (CHD)

The common hepatic duct joins the cystic duct to form the...

common bile ducts (CBD)

Cystic Duct

connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct

The lower end of the common bile duct is contolled by a circular muscle called the...

Sphincter of Hepatopancreatic Ampulla or the Sphincter of Oddi (muscle)

During digestion the Sphincter of Oddi...

relaxes to allow bile to flow into the duodenuk to help emulsify fats (break up beading effect)

The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct and passes into the duodenuk through the...

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla or Ampulla of Vater (opening)

Function of Gallbladder

to store bile (2 ounces), to extract water from bile, and when food enters the duodenum the GB will contract so bile can enter the small intestine and mix with food

Cholecystokinin

a hormone secreted by the duodenal mucosa that activates contraction of the gallbladder

The gallbladder consists of...

a narrow neck continous with cystic duct, body, fundus

Sthenic gallbladder position

elbow level (L1/L2)

Hyperthenic gallbladder psotion

higher and away from midline, more transverse

Hyposthenic gallbladder position

lower and closer to midline

Asthenic gallbladder position

lower, almost in pelvis and close to spine, overlying spine sometimes