Cyclic Formation and Disaccharides

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Monossaccharides in aqeous solution

They form cyclic structures

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Anomeric carbon formation

The carbonyl carbon (C1) reacts with the hydroxyl of the second to last OH (C5)

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how to draw Haworth Projection

  1. Draw an oxygen with a horizontal line coming out of the O

  2. Complete the six-membered ring (# clockwise)

  3. Draw a vertical line at each point

  4. Draw the last OH (C6) (CH2OB=H) up for D or down for L. Or draw it in the opposite direction to the last carbon (C5); i.e if C5 is D (Down on the ring), then C6 OH is drawn up. vice versa

  5. Rest of OHs are bottom if on the right side and up if on the left side

  6. Anomeric carbon is on the same side as the C6 if the sugar is Beta or on the opposite side if alpha


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Disaccharides

glycosidics bonds form between the anomeric carbon and a hydroxyl group