Chapter 13

Psychotherapy

Systematic efforts to apply psychosocial interventions to reduce distress, maladaptive behavior, or enhance adaptive functioning.

Psychosocial Interventions

Interventions that focus on change through interpersonal interaction and systematic experiences such as role-playing, practice, homework, and advice.

Prevalence of Mental Disorders

Approximately 25% of the US population meets criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders in a given year.

Unmet Need for Services

70% of individuals with a diagnosable mental disorder in the US do not receive treatment.

Disparities in Care

Members of minority groups have significantly less access to mental health care.

Substance Abuse Costs

Approximately $500 billion annually in medical, criminal justice, accident, and lost earning costs.

Anxiety Disorders Costs

Approximately $42 billion annually in health-care and lost productivity.

Behavior Therapy

Focuses on observable behaviors and the methods of changing them through conditioning.

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Integrates internal cognitive processes to explain learning and clinical problems.

Mindfulness

Awareness of current experience, often rooted in Buddhist meditation.

Exposure Therapy

A behavioral technique that involves exposure to anxiety-provoking situations.

Systematic Desensitization

Pairing deep relaxation with a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations.

Flooding

Immediate exposure to high-intensity anxiety-provoking situations without prior relaxation.

Graduated Exposure

Progressive exposure toward feared stimuli without the necessity of relaxation.

Parent Management Training (PMT)

Training for parents to use operant conditioning to modify child behavior.

Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)

Intensive training for children under age 4 to improve skills related to autism.

Pivotal Response Training (PRT)

Focuses on pivotal areas that, when changed, lead to widespread changes in behavior.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Therapy that addresses irrational thought patterns and self-talk.

Cognitive Therapy (CT) for Depression

Therapy focusing on treating negative beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future.

Problem-Solving Skills Training (PSST)

Treatment focusing on improving cognitive skills for effective problem-solving.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Integrates acceptance and change strategies for treating borderline personality disorder.

Evidence-Based Treatments (EBTs)

Therapies supported by empirical evidence and research.

Behaviorism Movement

Focuses on objective measurement and scientific methods in psychology.

Third Wave Therapies

Psychological approaches that emphasize mindfulness and acceptance.

Health Disparities

Inequities in health and healthcare access experienced by certain groups.

Cognitive Processes

Mental activities that influence how people perceive and respond to the world.

Functional Domains

Areas of behavior that, when improved, can lead to broader behavioral changes.

Case Illustration

Relevant real-life examples used to demonstrate therapy methods and outcomes.

Inertia in Mental Health Care

Resistance among clinicians to change established practices in therapy.

Self-Help Interventions

Techniques and resources that individuals can use to address their own mental health issues.

Technology in Therapy

Utilization of modern technologies such as apps and online resources to deliver psychological interventions.