1. Umbilical Cord + Trisomies

why must umbilical cord integrity be protected? *

compression can interrupt fetal oxygen and nutrient supply

what protects umbilical cord vessels from compression? *

Wharton’s jelly

how many vessels are in a normal umbilical cord?

2 arteries + 1 vein (AVA)

• a single artery warrants assessment for associated renal and GI anomalies

how does amniotic fluid protect the fetus and umbilical cord?

cushions the fetus from trauma;prevents cord compression

how does amniotic fluid support fetal development?

• maintains constant temperature

• permits symmetric growth

• allows movement for musculoskeletal development

how does someone get Down syndrome?

born with an extra copy of chromosome 21

• intellectual disability, characteristic facial features

• possible single palmar crease

• increased risk of heart defects

how to tell if a baby has down syndrome

only one crease on palms

how does someone get Edwards syndrome?

born with an extra copy of chromosome 18

• severe intellectual disability and multiple physical abnormalities

• most affected infants do not survive the first year

how does someone get Patau syndrome?

born with an extra copy of chromosome 13

• severe intellectual disability

• brain and heart abnormalities

• cleft palate

• very low survival rate