CCS0043 Module 3

Used to aggregate a series of similar items together, arranging and dereferencing them in some specific way

Array

Each member of the __ __ references a corresponding value and can be a simple numerical reference to the value's position in the series, or it could have some direct correlation to the value

array index

__ __ does not need to declare how many elements that the array variable have

PHP array

Array index in PHP can be also called as __ __

array keys

Array can be used as ordinary array same as in __ and __ arrays

C and C++ arrays

<?php

$fruit[0] = "orange";

$fruit[1] = "apple";

$fruit[2] = "grapes";

$fruit[3] = "banana";

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[0] => orange

[1] => apple

[2] => grapes

[3] => banana

)

<?php

$fruit[] = "orange";

$fruit[] = "apple";

$fruit[] = "grapes";

$fruit[] = "banana";

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[0] => orange

[1] => apple

[2] => grapes

[3] => banana

)

<?php

$fruit = array("orange", "apple", "grapes", "banana");

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[0] => orange

[1] => apple

[2] => grapes

[3] => banana

)

Short for print recursive

print_r() function

This takes an argument of any type and prints it out, which includes printing all its parts recursively

print_r() function

Same as the print_r function except that it prints additional information about the size and type of the values it discovers

var_dump() function

Functions are commonly used for debugging

print_r() and var_dump()

The point of this of these functions is to help you visualize what's going on with compound data structures like arrays

print_r() and var_dump()

<?php

$fruit = array(

"orange",

"apple",

"grapes",

"banana");

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[0] => orange

[1] => apple

[2] => grapes

[3] => banana

)

<?php

$fruit = array(

"orange",

"apple",

"grapes",

"banana");

echo "<pre>";

var_dump($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

array(4) {

[0] =>

string(6) "orange"

[1] =>

string(5) "apple"

[2] =>

string(6) "grapes"

[3] =>

string(6) "banana"

}

A statement used to iterate or loop through the element in an array. With each loop, a foreach statement moves to the next element in an array.

foreach() function

Specify an array expression within a set of parenthesis following the foreach keyword

foreach statement

foreach($arr as $value) {

//do something with $value variable

}

foreach($arr as $key => $value) {

//do something with $key and/or $value variable

}

foreach() syntax

The name of the array that you're walking through

$arr

The name of the variable where you want to store the key (optional)

$key

The name of the variable where you want to store the value

$value

<?php

$fruit = array(

"orange",

"apple",

"grapes",

"banana",

"dragon fruit");

foreach($fruit as $value) {

echo "$value<br/>";

}

?>

orange

apple

grapes

banana

dragon fruit

Sorts by value; assign new numbers as the keys

sort($array)

Sorts by value in reverse order; assign new number as the keys

rsort($array)

Sorts by value; keeps the same key

asort($array)

Sorts by value in reverse order; keeps the same key

arsort($array)

Sorts by key

ksort($array)

Sorts by key in reverse order

krsort($array)

Sorts by a function

usort($array, functionname)

<?php

$fruit = array(

"orange", "apple",

"grapes", "banana",

"guava", "blueberry");

sort($fruit); //sort array in ascending

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

rsort($fruit); //sort array in descending

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[0] => apple

[1] => banana

[2] => blueberry

[3] => grapes

[4] => guava

[5] => orange

)

Array

(

[0] => orange

[1] => guava

[2] => grapes

[3] => blueberry

[4] => banana

[5] => apple

)

<?php

$fruit = array(

"orange", "apple",

"grapes", "banana",

"guava", "blueberry");

asort($fruit);

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

arsort($fruit);

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[1] => apple

[3] => banana

[5] => blueberry

[2] => grapes

[4] => guava

[0] => orange

)

Array

(

[0] => orange

[4] => guava

[2] => grapes

[5] => blueberry

[3] => banana

[1] => apple

)

<?php

$fruit = array(

'1010' => "orange",

'1002' => "apple",

'1023' => "grapes",

'1006' => "banana",

'1015' => "guava",

'1009' => "blueberry");

ksort($fruit);

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

krsort($fruit);

echo "<pre>";

print_r($fruit);

echo "</pre>";

?>

Array

(

[1002] => apple

[1006] => banana

[1009] => blueberry

[1010] => orange

[1015] => guava

[1023] => grapes

)

Array

(

[1023] => grapes

[1015] => guava

[1010] => orange

[1009] => blueberry

[1006] => banana

[1002] => apple

)

A group of PHP statements that performs a specific task

Functions

Designed to allow you to reuse the same code in different locations

Functions

Functions that are provided by the user of the program

User Defined Functions

Functions that are built-in into PHP to perform some standard operations

Predefined Functions

Syntax (User Defined Functions):

function name(param) {

//code to be executed by the function

}

Where:

function - is the keyword used to declare a function

name - is the name of the function or function identifier

param - is the formal parameters of the function.

Parameter must follow the rule of naming identifiers

Declared outside a function and is available to all parts of the program

Global Variables

Declared inside a function and is only available within the function in which it is declared

Local Variables

Used to retain the values calls to the same function

Static Variables

Used to aggregate a series of similar items together

Array

Array index references a __ __

corresponding value

__ __ can be simple numerical or have some direct correlation to the value

Array index

Also known as Array Keys

Array index

Used to print the array structure

print_r function

The same as print_r function except it adds additional information about the data of each element

var_dump function

Used to iterate through the element in an array

foreach statement

Using __ __ you can display both the keys and value of each element in the array

foreach statement

PHP provides functions for array manipulation such as ______

sort(), rsort(), asort(), arsort(), ksort(), krsort(), and usort() functions

_________ functions are used to sort elements in the array in ascending order.

sort(), asort(), and ksort()

_________ functions are used to sort elements in the array in descending order

rsort(), arsort(), and krsort()

__ and __ does not maintain its index reference for each values

sort() and rsort()

__, __, __, and __ maintains its reference for each values

asort(), ksort(), arsort(), and krsort()

__ and __ used to sort elements by values

asort() and arsort()

__ and __ used to sort elements by keys

ksort() and krsort()

__ is a group of PHP statements that performs a specific task

Functions

Can be user defined generally defined by the user of the program and predefined that are build in using libraries

Functions

You use __ in different ways. __ can only do something without passing values. You can pass values to a __ and you can ask __ to return a value.

Function/s

Used in PHP to declare a function

function keyword

A function that is declared inside a function is said to be __

hidden

To gain access to a variable that is outside from the function we use the __ __

global keyword

We use __ __ to declare a variable inside a function that will act as accumulator variable this will let the program remember the last value of the variable that was used

static keyword