Cardiovascular system labeling

right atrium

left atrium

right ventricle

left ventricle

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

pulmonary valve

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

aortic valve

valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

SA node (sinoatrial node)

pacemaker of the heart

AV node (atrioventricular node)

AV bundle

Purkinje fibers

left bundle branch

interatrial septum

separates atria

interventricular septum

separates ventricles

artery

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart (1)

Arterioles

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries (3)

capillary beds

a small blood vessel that allows diffusion of gases, nutrients and wastes between plasma and interstitial fluid (5)

Venules

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins (4)

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (6)

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

epicardium

outer layer of the heart

Myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

endocardium

Inner layer of the heart

tunica intima

the innermost layer of a blood vessel

tunica media

middle smooth muscle layer

tunica adventitia

outer layer of blood vessel

elastic artery

-thick, elastic intima layer

-thicker, most elastic media layer

-relatively thin adventitia layer (contains blood vessels)

muscular artery

-thin, elastic intima layer (squiggly)

-smooth muscle spirally arranged media layer

-connective tissue holding vessel together adventitia layer

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

three layers of the heart wall

continuous capillaries

most common type of capillary

-relatively impermeable to large molecules

found in muscle, CNS, skin

fenestrated capillaries

type of capillary with fenestrated endothelial cell wall

leaky in terms of fluid flowing

found in kidney

Discontinous capillaries

type of capillary with wide gaps

super leaky

found in liver, spleen, bone marrow

allows passage of cells

muscular venules

-irregular in shape

recieve blood from the postcapillary venules

-1-2 layers of smooth muscle

-thin adventitia

P wave

atrial depolarization

QRS complex

ventricular depolarization (and atrial repolarization)

T wave

ventricular repolarization

Tachycardia

EKG abnormality showing a rapid heart rate of >100 bpm

Bradycardia

EKG abnormality showing slowed heart rate of < 65 bpm

Atrial Flutter

EKG showing rapid, but regular sequence of atrial depolarization at rates between 200 and 380 bpm

atrial fibrillation

EKG showing rapid, irregular, uncoordinated depolarization of the atria with no definite P waves

ventricular fibrillation

EKG showing very serious rhythmic abnormality in which the ventricular musculature exhibits uncoordinated, chaotic contractions

ischemia

EKG shows pathology of an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.

-T wave is symmetrically inverted

Infarct

injury with ST segment elevations and deep Q waves

Arteriolar vasoconstriction

-reduces blood flow to injured area

primary hemostasis

platelet plug formation

secondary hemostasis

fibrin clot formation

Clot stabilization and resorption

platelets and fibrin aggregats contract forming a permanent plug

von Willebrand factor

bridge between collagen and platelets

True aneurysm (saccular)

what type of aneurysm has a bulge

True aneurysm (fusiform)

what type of aneurysm is ballooned on both sides

false aneurysm

break in both the intima layer and media layer

dissection

break in intima layer but not media layer