Unit 2: Cells - Cell Theory, Prokaryotes, and Eukaryotes

Vocabulary terms and definitions based on Unit 2 lecture notes covering the core postulates of cell theory along with structural characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cell theory

A biological principle stating that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the smallest units of all living organisms, and cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells named from "Pro" (before) and "Karyon" (nucleus) that have no nucleus and contain circular DNA.

Pili

Structures found on prokaryotic cells used for attachment.

Plasmid

A form of DNA present in prokaryotic cells separate from the circular DNA.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Flagellum

A structure on prokaryotic cells used for movement.

Capsule

An outer protective layer found enclosing a prokaryotic cell.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells named from "Eu" (true) and "Karyon" (nucleus) that possess a membrane-bound nucleus and are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Linear chromosomes

Multiple DNA structures found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Organelles

Specialized structures in eukaryotic cells that perform many cellular functions.