Anal Cancer Path Note

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Last updated 3:13 PM on 9/8/26
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16 Terms

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Detection and diagnosis

DRE check sphincter tone, node palpation, anoscopy, biopsy, CT/MRI, US

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Signs & Symptoms

rectal bleeding, pruritus, pain, sensation of mass, change in bowel habits

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Superior tumor lymphatic spread

internal iliac, lateral sacral nodes

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Lymphatic spread

perirectal, anorectal, inguinal nodes (10-30%)

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Direct spread to _____

soft tissue

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Distant likes to spread to ______

lung & liver

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Epidemiology & etiology

  • 1-2% of lower GI ca.

  • women, 60 y/o, 30-90 range, HPV 16, immunosuppression


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Most common histopathology

squamous cell carcinoma

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T or F: adenocarcinoma can be a histo

True

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Treatment

combo RT and chemo

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RT

  • four field, AP/PA

  • electron for inguinal nodes (15MeV)

  • Frog leg position, valoc, bolus, prone board

  • 60-65 Gy


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Nodes

external, internal, common, obturator

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Radiation reactions

fistula, moist desquamation, perineal skin reactions, N/V/D, bone marrow suppression & low blood count

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Localized prognosis

79%

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Metastatic prognosis

30%

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5 Year survival rate overall

30%