RT100: Medical Science

PREHISTORIC AND ANCIENT MEDICINE

PREHISTORIC AND ANCIENT MEDICINE

common injuries: fractures

PREHISTORIC AND ANCIENT MEDICINE

-disease was thought to be caused by gods and spirits

-healing through fumigation

-tribal leaders perform religious ceremonies

PALEOPATHOLOGY

study of ancient diseases and medical conditions

LEPROSY

leads to remodelling of nasal region and upper jaw, later the palate is destroyed

POTT’S DISEASE

18th century Hungarian mummy collapse of the lower spine due to tubercolosis

ARTEOROSIS

damage of artery

damage tissues

Why do we not put alchohol on open wound

infection

high neutrophils lead to?

-cool water and mud

-sucking stings, licking wounds

-exerting pressure to stop bleeding

early wound care

MESOPOTAMIANS

-practiced hepatoscopy

-liver is the seat of the soul

ANCIENT HEBREW

belived in the four humors

blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

what are the four humors

ISIS

-goddess of health, marraige and fertility

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

believed that each portion of the body had specific gods

MUMMIFICATION

preservation of the dead

1. remove vital organs(liver, intestine, stomach, lungs)

2. get rid of brain through nose

3. put spices and leave for 90 days

4. after 90 days, renew spices then cover

How do egyptians do mummification

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

believed heart is the center of the body. body is composed of channels to the heart

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

first to detect pulse

ANCIENT INDIANS

believed life is a cycle

creation(brahma)→ preservation(vishnu) → destruction(shiva)

Ancient India life cycle

ANCIENT INDIANS

believed spiritual over material

ANCIENT INDIANS

detected diabetes through taste of urine

1. cure the spirit

2. nourish the body

3. give medications

4. treat the whole body not disease

5. use acupunture and moxibustion

Nei Ching five methods of treatment

ANCIENT CHINESE MEDICINE

-body is sacred

-used figurines to indicate the location of symptoms

ANCIENT CHINESE MEDICINE

practiced physical theraphy

ANCIENT GREEK MEDICINE

healing temples

THOLOS

-a building with water in the center

-patients spend days to heal and pray

THALIS water is the basic element of life

Pre hippocratic medicine

HIPPOCRATES

believed that people practicing medicine should be pure and holy

1. observe all

2. study the patient not the disease

3. evaluate honesty

4. assist nature

Hippocrates believed?

HIPPOCRATES

father of medicine

CHRISTIANITY AND MEDICINE

religious practices, relics and exorcism

SAINT LUKE

patron of physicians and surgeons

CONSTANTINE

roman emperor that built hospital

BUBONIC PLAGUE

-infection of the lymphatic system

-resulting from bite from infected flea

lack of oxygen in tissues

black skin due to?

IEAN FERNEL MEDECIN

physiology, pathology and therapeutics were the standard discipline of medicine.

IEAN FERNEL MEDECIN

the first to suggest gonorrhea and syphilis were two separate diseases

PARACELSUS

father of pharmacology

LATROCHEMISTRY

combination of alchemy, medicine and chemistry

AMBROISE PARE

forerunner in clinical surgery

ANDREAD VERSALIUS

father of anatomy

JAN BAPTISTA VAN HELMOT

made the first measurement of relative weight of urine by comparing its weight of water

GALILEO GALILEI

presented laws of motion in mathematical manner

ISAAC NEWTON

discovered gravity

WILLIAM HARVEY

found continuous blood circulation of blood was present in contained body system

CHRISTIAN HUYGENS

developed centigrade system of temperature

GABRIEL DANIEL FARENHEIT

developed system named after him for measuring temperature

MARCELLO MALPIGHI AND ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

forerunners in invention of microscope

QUININE

discovered for treatment of malaria

LEONARDO DA VINCI

explored human anatomy through dissection

ALBRECHT VON HALLER

did in depth studies about nervous system

ALBRECHT VON HALLER

founder of modern physiologic theory

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

pioneer in experimental fertilization

STEPHEN HALES

demonstrated dynamics of blood circulation

STEPHEN HALES

first person to record blood pressure with manometer

GIOVANNI BATTISTA MORGAGNI

father of pathology

EDWARD JENNER

formulated small pox vaccination

WILLIAM HUNTER

specialist in obstetrics

WILLIAM HUNTER

founded the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy in London

JOHN HUNTER

developed a method of closing off aneurysms

PHILIPPE PINEL

demanded more humane regimen to be instilled at asylym de bicetre near paris

CARL ROKITANSKY

most outstanding morphologic pathologist of his time

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

“all cells come from other cells“

RENE THEOPHILE HYACINTHE

contributed to pathologic and clinical understanding of chest diseases including emphysema, bronchietasis and tuberculosis

RENE THEOPHILE HYACINTHE

pioneer in the invention of stethoscope

CLAUDE BERNARD

father of modern experimental physiology

CLAUDE BERNARD

works included digestive system studies

CLAUDE BERNARD

responsible in breakthroughs in understanding principles of organic life and homeostatis

EPHRAIM MCDOWELL

performed first successful abdominal operation to remove huge cyst in ovary

J MARION SIMS

laid foundation for gynecology

J MARION SIMS

founded Women’s Hospital of the State of New York

J MARION SIMS

invented sims position, speculum and catheter

JOSEPH PRIESTLEY

discovered nitrous oxide gas

HUMPHRY DAVY

suggested to use nitrous oxide gas in surgery but was ignored

CRAWFORD W LONG

used sulfuric ether during surgery 1842

JOSEPH LISTER

discovered bacteria were often the origin of disease and infection

JOSEPH LISTER

safe surgical procedures were introduced to minimize risks of surgery

LOUIS PASTEUR

discovered food could be forestalled by heating and destroying harmful bacteria

LOUIS PASTEUR

formulated germ theory of disease

LOUIS PASTEUR

explained effectiveness of asepsis and antisepsis

ROBERT KOCH

extensive research to microorganism and founded bacteriology

BENJAMIN RUSH

first american psyhiatrist

WILLIAM BEAUMONT

first prominent american physiologist

GREGOR MENDEL

discovered heredity

WILHELM ROENTGEN

discovered and described xrays

PIERRE AND MARIE CURIE

discovered radium

PIERRE AND MARIE CURIE

provided foundation for the use of radioactivity in the treatment of diseases

19TH CENTURY

century of medicine where anesthesia was thought of

20TH CENTURY

century of medicine where they founded:

-light vs electron microscope

-coronary artery bypass surgery

-vaccine for polio

MAJOR WALTER REED

led a US army board in discovering cause of yellow fever

PAUL EHRLICH

father of chemotheraphy

PAUL EHRLICH

popularized concept of magic bullet and selective toxicity

ABEL, ROWNTREE, TURNER

invented artifical kidney that led to kidney dialysis

HANS BURGER

first recorded electroencephalogram of man

10 cycles per second

lower line

WILLIEM EINTHOVEN

made the first electrocardiogram

CHRISTIAAN BARNARD

performed first successful human heart transplant

LAPAROSCOPE

surgery without opening the body

LITHOTRIPSY

allows painless passing of stones drom urinary system by blasting them with sonic waves