Study option 1 This AI

What are the Three E's of being a design professional?

Education, Experience, Examination

NAAB — full name and role

National Architectural Accrediting Board — accredits architecture education programs

CIDA — full name and role

Council for Interior Design Accreditation — accredits interior design education programs

NCARB — full name and role

National Council of Architectural Registration Boards — oversees architecture licensure exams

NCIDQ / CIDQ — full name and role

National Council for Interior Design Qualification — administers the interior design certification exam

AIA — full name

American Institute of Architects — professional organization for architects (national and local chapters)

ASID — full name

American Society of Interior Designers — professional organization for interior designers

IIDA — full name

International Interior Design Association — professional organization; authored the socially responsible design definition

Techne

Craft or artistic pursuit. Examples: construction methods, material attributes, building technology, representation and communication

definition of design

a plan for arranging elements in such a way as best to accomplish a particular purpose.

The four fundamentals shared by ALL design disciplines

Human-centered purpose; constraints and function; iteration and prototyping; form and aesthetics

Residential design

Design of private living spaces and homes

Four residential design typologies

New construction; remodeling; historic preservation; decorative/styling consulting

Commercial design

Design of business and public spaces

Commercial design specialties (9)

Workplace; retail; hospitality; civic/institutional; education; healthcare; industrial/infrastructure; mixed use; sports and entertainment

Phases of the design process (standard)

Programming → schematic design → design development → construction documents → construction administration

Socially responsible design (IIDA definition)

Designing for the present with current resources while anticipating the future; enabling designers to influence social, environmental, economic, and political systems through universal, inclusive, and environmentally responsible design

Goal of universal design

Serve the widest range of users under the greatest number of situations — the goal is inclusivity

Seven principles of universal design

Equitable use; flexibility in use; simple and intuitive use; perceptible information; tolerance for error; low physical effort; size and space for approach and use

Proxemics

Study of the spatial distances people maintain under different circumstances

Four proxemic distances

Intimate: 0"-6"; personal: 18"-30"; social: 4'-7'; public: 12'-24'

Three behavioral aspects of space

Territoriality, proxemics, personalization

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act (1992) — law eliminating discrimination against persons with disabilities; covers walking, hearing, seeing, and use of hands; required in non-residential design

Designing for motion-impaired populations

Reduce barriers; consider a wide variety of motion impairments; automated and power assists; clearances are essential

Designing for hearing-impaired populations

Reduce reverberation; vision is critical; good lighting; furniture arrangement; light-activated warnings; special communication devices

Designing for visually impaired populations

Touch is critical; avoid overhead projections; audible clues; gas cooktops; crosswalks; elevators; no sudden changes in flooring

Designing for the elderly

Similar to all other populations, plus: create sense of depth; accommodate yellowing of cornea; memory clues; allow roaming; clear art and patterns (no blurred images); moisture issues

Aging in place

Planning ahead: single-level home, efficient traffic flow, supportive furniture, walk-in showers / tub seats, technology

Designing for families and children

Encourage independence; shrink the scale for children; family restrooms; personalized space for each family member

Cognitive impairments and neurodiversity

Alzheimer's disease and dementia; hyper- and hypo-sensitivity; need for areas of respite and/or engagement

Sustainable design

Environmentally responsible design: meeting present needs while protecting resources for the future by reducing harm from energy use, water use, materials, and waste (confirm with class notes)

Green building considerations

Location; site; water use; energy use; materials; low VOCs; reduce waste; origin of materials; indoor environment; access to daylight; control of environment; views of outdoors

The three R's

Reduce, reuse, recycle plus renew, reclaim, repurpose, restore, reinvent

Life cycle analysis

Cradle-to-cradle: exploring the life story of a product

Five LEED rating systems

Building Design and Construction (BD+C); Interior Design and Construction (ID+C); Building Operations and Maintenance (O+M); Neighborhood Development (ND); Homes

Biophilia

Intrinsic human need to be around nature

Biomimicry

Using nature for design — imitating natural forms and processes

Aesthetics

The study or theory of beauty and our responses to it; the philosophical way we deal with art — its creation, forms, and effects

Elements of design (definition)

Concrete, quantifiable components of any design — "your design toolbox" (Greg Clayton)

The nine elements of design

Space, shape, form, mass, line, texture, pattern, light, color

Space (element)

Open and closed area; space may be positive (filled) or negative (open)

Shape (element)

Two-dimensional outline, often a geometric figure such as a rectangle or triangle

Form (element)

Three-dimensional shape, such as a cube, cone, or sphere

Mass (element)

Weight, density, or relative solidity of a form; may be actual or visual

Line (element)

Connection between two points; may be vertical, horizontal, angular, or curved

Texture (element)

Smoothness or roughness of a surface; read visually or through touch

Pattern (element)

Arrangement of motifs in repetitive or variegated order; a small pattern may read as texture

Light (element)

Natural, artificial, or a combination; affects the appearance of all other elements

Color (element)

Hues varying light to dark and intense to dull; mixable into color schemes; usually the most personal and emotional element

Principles of design (definition)

Strategies for organizing design elements — the "bylaws" governing use of the elements (p. 56); when repeated across designs, a style develops (Clayton)

The six principles of design

Scale, proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, harmony

Scale (principle)

Overall size — the largeness or smallness of a room, object, or pattern

Proportion (principle)

Size relationship or ratio of parts to a whole (e.g., chair size vs. its arms); includes the Golden Mean

Balance (principle)

Equilibrium achieved by arranging components symmetrically, asymmetrically, or radially

Rhythm (principle)

Flow of elements organized by repetition or alternation, progression or gradation, transition, opposition or contrast, or radiation

Emphasis (principle)

Enhancement that produces a point of interest or focal point

Harmony (principle)

Compatibility of elements creating a pleasing whole, achieved through unity and variety

Golden Mean

A proportional system; under principle

Decorative design

Applied or ornamented; embellished. Four types: naturalistic, conventional, geometric, abstract

Structural design

Intrinsic to the structure; "form follows function"; classic modern; no added decoration