Urinary stones

Most common crystals in dogs and cats

struvite and calcium oxalate

Stone that is impossible to dissolve medically

calcium oxalate

Stones that require alkalizing diet

cystine and urate stones

stone that requires acidifying diet

struvite

radiolucent stones on radiograph

Cystine and urate (i cant C U)

Stones that benefit from reduced protein in diet

Cystine, urate, canine struvite and lesser degree calcium oxalate

Struvite stone (magnesium ammonium phosphate) typical cause

UTI - urease microbes

Struvite stone (magnesium ammonium phosphate) treatment

Decrease dietary magnesium

Decrease protein (decreases ammonium) (dogs only cats sterile struvite)

Decrease phosphorus

Abx to treat urease producing bacteria

Acidifying diet

Calcium oxalate treatment

surgery, hydropulsion or lithotripsy

Calcium oxalate management

Avoid excess - protein, calcium, oxalate, Vit D, sodium

Provide posphorus (prevent Vit D activation), magnesium, vit B6

Alkalizing diet (will limit new stone formation, not break down existing stones)

Calcium oxalate breeds

Schnauzer, Lhasa apso, yorkie, bichon, Shih tzu, mini poodle

Cystine breeds

Bulldogs, newfies, dachsshunds, bassets, chihuahuas, yorkie

Cystine treatment

Reduce protein&sodium,

alkalizing diet- (potassium citrate or sodium bicarb)

2-MPG-2 (thiola) 2 - mercaptopropionyl glycine - binds cystine makes it soluble

Urate breed

Dalmation

Urate treatment

Reduce protein

Urine alkalinizer - potassium citrate or sodium bicarb

Allopurinol - prevents xanthine conversion to uric acid

• Must reduce protein in diet or will lead to formation of xanthine stones