ARCH 210 Starred Monuments

France, c400,000 BCE

Prehistoric Hut, Terra Amata

Paleolithic

Signifies: Cognizant of patterns of worlds round them, learning to organize themselves to better sustain their group (returning to site for hunting seasons), and organize space to build spaces as shelter

France, c17,000-10,000 BCE

Cave at Lascaux

Paleolithic

Signifies: How the space amplifies drawing, sense of recording over a duration of time,

Ireland, c 3000-2500 BCE

Newgrange Cairn

Neolithic

Likely comparison essay prompt

Signifies: Attuned to environment, Understanding of cyclical process of solstice, Conjoining burial space with idea of passage of time

***”What we are seeing are people that are able to understand their place in time, ancestors they want to honor who came before them and that there will be times ahead of them in which they will come back to this place and commemorate and honor them again”

Salisbury Plain, England, 3000-1500 BCE

Stonehenge

Neolithic

Likely comparison essay prompt

Phasing of different parts

***the two things that were important:

1. associated for a very long time as a henge with burials = ancestral burial ground used over generations

2. very carefully positioned megaliths to be illuminated and enhanced during solstices

LIKE NEWGRANGE: circular, architecture as marker of burial and ancestral honoring, astronomical calendarization to reflect passage of time as a way to come back to the landscape

first phase: henge & aubrey holes

second phase: Bluestone horseshoe semi-circle (***Preselli mountains linked to ancestral home, meaningful to bring ancestral place to Stonehenge)

third phase: trilithons creating altar stone

Konya, Turkey, c. 7,400-5,700 BCE

Çatalhöyük

Neolithic

near Konya, Turkey, c. 5800 BCE

City map fresco, Çatalhöyük

Neolithic

Uruk, Iraq c 3300-3000 BCE

Anu Ziggurat & White Temple

Sumerian

Ur, Iraq c 2200-2000 BCE

Ziggurat and Temple of Nanna

Sumerian

Ur, Iraq, c. 2000 BCE

Single-story (middle-class) homes in the excavated residential zone of the city

Sumerian

Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, c. 2500 BCE (mature phase, earlier settlements in the area going back to 5000 BCE),

Plan of the Citadel

Harappan/Indus Civilization

Mohenjo-daro, c. 2600-1900 BCE

Great Bath

Harappan/Indus Civilization

Saqqara, Egypt, c2650 BCE

Mortuary Complex of Pharaoh Djoser
Architect: Imhotep

Old Kingdom Egypt.

Also starred: Enclosure wall, Processional Entry Hall, Sham Buildings & Heb-Sed

Festival Court, Serdab of Djoser, The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser,

Giza, Egypt, 2600-2400 BCE

Great Pyramids

Old Kingdom Egypt.

Giza, Egypt, c. 2570 BCE

Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)

Old Kingdom Egypt

Giza, Egypt, c. 2650 BCE,

Pyramid of Khafre/Chephren (2), and the Sphinx (3)

Old Kingdom Egypt

Giza, Egypt, 2600-2400 BCE,

Great Pyramid Complex

Old Kingdom

Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, c. 1480 BCE

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom Egypt (next to temple of Mentuhotep II)